Поставьте в предложение подходящий фразовый глагол. Старт в науке

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В процессе подготовки к олимпиадам мне пришлось решать много заданий, и я выяснил, что упражнения, проверяющие знание фразовых глаголов, являются излюбленными для составителей олимпиад. При этом в стандартном школьном учебнике можно найти лишь пару-тройку фразовых глаголов, не более. Скудость материала по данной теме натолкнула меня на мысль создать свой собственный сборник упражнений для отработки употребления фразовых глаголов. Таким образом, я поставил перед собой

цель - написать пособие для работы с фразовыми глаголами;

задачи - пользуясь разными источниками, создать пособие, делающее работу учащихся с фразовыми глаголами увлекательной и познавательной.

Для решения поставленных задач необходимо выполнить следующие шаги:

Из огромного количества фразовых глаголов отобрать те, с которыми я буду работать;

Переработать биографии нескольких выдающихся британских личностей, употребив фразовые глаголы;

Составить систему упражнений в виде собственных рассказов, в которых будет отрабатываться употребление глаголов.

Я придерживался следующей системы. Глаголы распределялись по предлогам, составлялась биография, в которой употреблялись глаголы с одним предлогом. По тому же принципу (принципу одного предлога) затем сочинялся мой собственный текст.

Annie Doris (“Dolly”) Walker-Wraight (1920-2002)

Christopher Marlowe (1564 - ?1593)

Christopher Kit Marlowe was born and brought up in a shoemaker’s family in Canterbury, in 1564. Canterbury was a city where people from all walks of life, different languages and religions mixed up , so the boy Christopher picked up some dialects and accents and incredibly funny stories, which he later used to write his plays. When he was a child, it turned out that he had amazing talents and he was sent to study in Cambridge University and soon became the most brilliant dramatist and playwright of the Elizabethan England. As an intelligencer, he regularly visited European countries where he had ample opportunities to brush up his French, Italian and Spanish. Although his intelligence work took up a lot of his time, he never gave up literary activities until his untimely death at 29 years old. It was in1593 that serious problems cropped up . He had a powerful enemy, Archbishop of Canterbury, John Whitgift, who ordered his people to dig up information implicating Marlowe in atheism. Though some dubious facts were indeed dug up, Marlowe refused to own up to what he had not done. Fortunately, the poet had a devoted friend, his patron Thomas Walsingham, who was ready to back him up . Walsingham staged a fake death and Marlowe, no longer dressed up , but looking presumably like a sailor, escaped to the continent. Many years had elapsed before things began to look up for the exiled poet. Unable to completely bottle up his feelings, he poured them out in his immortal sonnets.

John Whitgift (1530 - 1604)

John Whitgift was the eldest son in a merchant’s family and was sent to study in St.Anthony’s school in London. His refusal to attend daily mass did not go down well with the school authorities so, branded as a heretic, he went back to his native town to lodge with his aunt. According to his earliest biography, ‘She (the aunt) thought at first she had received a saint into her house, but now she perceived he was a devil.’ Whitgift went on to study at Cambridge University where he settled down under the guidance of a leading Protestant reformer and soon wrote a doctoral dissertation on the Pope as Antichrist. When Elizabeth became the Queen, he grew in importance and in October 1583 he was made the Archbishop of Canterbury. It was then that Whitgift ruthlessly began to crack down on anyone who questioned his teachings, laid down in the Thirty-Nine Articles of faith. There were a lot of Catholics, Puritans and non-conformists who refused to back down , so Whitgift authorized torture carried out routinely in the dreaded Star Chamber. His religious statutes were so intolerant and draconian that even people from Queen Elizabeth’s closest circle wanted the Archbishop to water them down . Perhaps unsurprisingly, Elizabeth, who was not tied down with family responsibilities, called him ‘my little black husband’ and saw eye to eye with him on all religious matters. In fact, Archbishop Whitgift lived in lavish style and travelled escorted by 800 mounted horsemen. It caused criticism and in 1588 a series of brilliant satires was published under the pseudonym Martin Marprelate, in which Whitgift was ridiculed and referred to as the ‘Beelzebub of Canterbury’, ‘a monstrous Antichrist’ and ‘a most bloody tyrant’. Whitgift wanted to have Marprelate tracked down and executed. After the suspects had been narrowed down to an acceptable number, several priests and printers and sympathizers were arrested, tortured and executed. Despite all this, the Queen and the Archbishop remained true to each other. When the Queen was dying, she ordered that Whitgift should kneel down at her deathbed. Though ill, old and obese, Whitgift stayed like this for several hours until Elizabeth’s death. He survived her by one year.

Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658)

Oliver Cromwell is both a famous and notorious English politician. He stands out as the first person who overthrew (or dethroned) the king in England. Born in 1599 into a landowner’s family, he dropped out of University following the death of his father. It should be pointed out that King Charles I imposed enormous taxes on landowners, who immediately felt the squeeze. To make matters worse, the king did not call Parliament and his power turned into a tyranny soon. When an anti-English rebellion broke out in Ireland, the king did call out Parliament, whose members demanded more powers. The furious king stormed out of London and set out to Scotland to recruit an army. The House of Commons imposed martial law and it was then that the Civil War broke out . It lasted from 1642 to 1645 and Cromwell took an active part in it as one of the commanders. According to contemporaries, he was a merciless and ruthless man, who, once he took a decision, never backed out , no matter how cruel it was. For example, Parliament influenced by Cromwell not only fell out with the king and threw him out , in 1649 the execution of the king was carried out . In 1653 Cromwell began ruling England as Lord Protector, which was in effect a sort of dictatorship. He died in 1658 and was buried with great ceremony, his funeral was pompous and elaborate like that of a king. However, Cromwell’s sins eventually overtook him. In 1661 his body was taken out of the grave for posthumous execution for high treason. His disinterred body was driven to the scaffold where it hung in chains; his head was then put on a 6-metre pole for public display.

William Blake (1757 - 1827)

William Blake was born into a family of a hosier and had a rather peaceful childhood. According to his parents, he began to have religious visions when he was 4, for example, trees filled with angels. It was probably his mother who talked his father into allowing William not to go to ordinary school, which turned his early years into really enjoyable ones. At the age of 10 he started going to a drawing school but had to give it up because his parents did not want to get into debt over his schooling. Instead, he was apprenticed to a master engraver. It was to be a highly successful professional relationship and Blake seriously intended to go into art. In 1782 Blake married an illiterate woman, named Catherine Boucher, and it was not rushing into a decision - his courtship had taken him a year. He put a lot of effort and time into teaching her to read, write and draw and she eventually became an invaluable companion and partner for him. Although William Blake came into some money after his father’s death, his family lived in relative poverty because he was largely unrecognized and his poems and pictures did not sell well if at all. Moreover, a lot of people thought him to be insane and he was misunderstood by his contemporaries. Shortly before his death, Blake was commissioned to design illustrations for Dante’s Divine Comedy. He flung himself into work and carried on even on his deathbed. 12 August 1827, on the day of his death, he was drawing feverishly in bed, when his wife, who was sitting next to him, burst into tears. It is reported that Blake noticed her tears and drew her portrait hastily and then died. Nowadays, Blake is a towering figure in English Romanticism and he is even a saint in one of the more obscure churches.

George Frideric Handel (1685 - 1759)

George Handel was born into a family of a barber but George did not take after his father and dreamed of composing and playing a musical instrument. His father was strongly opposed to the idea because he was convinced that music would hardly bring income even to get by . Nevertheless, his mother stood by him and allowed him to play the harpsichord hidden in the attic. In 1694, while he was performing on the organ at the duke’s court, he came across a composer Frideric Wilhelm Zachow. It was under Zachow’s tutelage that Handel learned to compose for the organ, the violin and the oboe. His father insisted on George’s going to university and becoming a lawyer. Although George became a student, his father’s plan fell through and George dropped out of the university. In 1703 Handel moved to Hamburg and set about not only performing on the organ, the violin and the harpsichord but also composing operas for the Hamburg Opera’s Goose Market Theatre. His very first opera was instantly successful and was followed by still more operas. Soon the news about this brilliant composer got around and he set out to tour Italy. It was in Italy that he made up his mind to try his luck in London, where he made a spectacular career. He was a prolific composer of operas and later, when Italian opera fell out of style in London, oratorios, which brought about significant changes on the London stage and immediately caught on with audiences. In 1726 he became a British citizen and began living in his adopted motherland permanently. In his later years he suffered from failing health, he survived two strokes and was gradually losing his eyesight. In some of his oratorios he managed to get across the feelings of a blind man. Until his dying day he kept on composing and performing and died on the eve on Easter. He always came across as a generous man and, being childless, he gave away all the money he had put by when he was alive. He was buried in Westminster Abbey in Poets’ Corner.

Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)

Rudyard Kipling is an English writer and poet. He was born in Bombay, India, however, he received his education in England, in a boarding school in Devon. It was there that he came up against the problems of bullying and harsh discipline but he remained a cheerful boy who managed to get on well with the headmaster. The headmaster encouraged Kipling’s literary activity and fixed him up with a job of editing the school paper. In his later years Kipling always looked back upon those years with warmth. In 1882 Rudyard returned to India to carry on with writing, but this time it was serious journalism in a number of respected newspapers. Later he moved to London, and it was there that he met a young American publisher, who, unfortunately, went down with typhoid fever and passed away . Kipling married the deceased publisher’s sister but during their honeymoon the bank where Kipling kept his money, ran out of money and went bankrupt. However, he enjoyed a married bliss in his wife’s estate in the USA. By this time, he had earned a great reputation of an imperialist writer of great talent. With every successive work, he lived up to his established reputation of an imperialist writer. However, with the outbreak of wars for independence in the colonies, he came in for a lot of criticism because he was believed to look down upon ‘lesser breeds’, i.e. the natives in the colonies. At the same time, Kipling wrote about ‘White Man’s Burden’ and was convinced that the highly developed nations should spread literacy, law and morality.

Read the story. Replace the verbs and phrases in bold with multi-part verbs

ALIVE AND KICKING

Massive investments in the city of Rosslare (1) caused building a luxurious mineral water resort for retired government workers. The resort was expected to (2) earn considerable amounts of money to the current government workers. However, only a few people (3) became involved in the festivities dedicated to its opening. To make matters worse, after the ceremony even fewer stayed on as guests. There were six of them. Sir Oliver Crunchester, a former Royal Coroner from Norwich, who was notorious for (4) introducing an entirely new system of investigation based on physiognomy. He had to (5) implement it gradually over a long period since no one shared his belief in spirits and mediums. Countess Blackcock, a former secretary to a former mayor of Norwich, the real scale of whose machinations was yet (6)to be understood as far as general public went. Doctor Dea, a renowned autopsist, who also had a private practice, where his medical powers mostly rested on skillful use of placeboes, or simply put, (7) cheating his gullible patients. Mr Black, a former sheriff of Norfolk, who could always (8) find time for his business interests despite the tight schedule of the county council. He boasted so many business connections that when he had a problem, they always (9) proved useful. Lady Hawthorn, the ex-wife of someone in the government, who was, in the opinion of the public, divorced because she never hesitated to (10) join an argument, and once there, never 11 (surrendered) . Her other fault was that she had (12) produced a tasteless poetry book about unrequited love, which immediately made both her and her husband the laughing stock of the county. There was one other man, Sir George Burnell, who occupied his insignificant position exclusively due to the protection of a relative in authority. Obviously, our characters met at the evening meal and started a conversation.

Answers: 1. resulted in, 2. bring in, 3. joined in, 4. bringing in, 5. phase it in, 6. sink in, 7. taking in, 8. fit in, 9. came in, 10. step in, 11. gave in, 12. turned in.

All the guests (1)wore very smart clothes but the problems (2)appeared almost immediately - they could hardly find a topic for general conversation. They all used to be white-collar workers except one man - the Coroner, Mr Crunchester. In their heart of hearts they all (3)admitted that his life had been far more exciting and adventurous than theirs. That’s why Mr Black’s question seemed very natural, ‘What was the most complicated crime you have ever investigated? I mean, you may have (4)discovered some skeletons in the cupboard or some such thing.’

‘There was indeed one case I found exceedingly difficult. You know, once upon a time there was a mayor. He married an extremely beautiful girl who was well (5)reared and educated . The press could hardly (6)suppress the emotions of the public since the pair was the best illustration for the fairy-tale ‘Beauty and the Beast’. Besides, the girl was said to be (7) supported by a man, much older than herself, but younger than her husband. Rumour had it that the other man had wanted to marry her. Approximately 3 months after the marriage, the spouses visited a lonely café one evening. No one knew whether it (8)occupied much of their time, because the whole staff (the owner, one waiter and the cook) left the café 10 minutes after the pair came. It was the last place they had been seen. At that time I had just started (9) learning the new method I’m famous for now but one thing was obvious to me: the mayor had been murdered. You see, he had a gold and very expensive watch that he had received upon the occasion of his 30 th anniversary. It was impossible to (10) confuseit with any other watch because of the engraving on it: ‘To T.P.P. from his friend of the Political Department’ The police had almost (11) stopped the search when a corpse of a tramp was found in another part of the city. He was mauled but guess what we found on him! The mayor’s gold watch!’

‘And where is the watch now?!’ exclaimed the whole party in unison.

Answers: 1. were dressed up, 2. cropped up, 3. owned up, 4. dug up, 5. brought up, 6. bottle up, 7. backed up, 8. took up, 9. picking up, 10. mix it up, 11. given up.

His answer (1)was notreceived well, ‘The watch was stolen by someone from the investigation team. The thief could have sold it and then (2) began a quiet life in some provincial district.’ ‘The police must have (3) found him after all ! They can always (4)take harsh measures against gangs when they want!’ Lady Blackcock exclaimed. The ex-Coroner replied, ‘Unfortunately, after we had (5) reduced the number of suspects, no one remained.’ Lady Blackcock was obliged to (6) retreat . Next morning, Lady Blackcock and Lady Hawthorn (though separately) left the hotel. Their first surprise was their accidental meeting on a ferry bound for England. Lady Blackcock began the conversation, ‘Your financial obligations do not (7) constrainyou , do they?’ Lady Hawthorn replied, ‘You know, I’ve received a letter from my poor dear aunt, where she (8) stated all her current problems and I suspect that she is in a dreadful condition because she has a habit of (9)making things seem weaker .’ ‘What a marvellous coincidence!’ Lady Blackcock ejaculated. ‘My poor uncle Henry is also at death’s door! I’m going to England to (10) go down on my knees at his deathbed!’

It was a cold day and there were no people in the street where the police headquarters were located. No people, except two elderly women who were swiftly walking towards each other without realizing this fact. At the HQ entrance Lady Blackcock and Lady Hawthorn nearly bumped into each other.

Answers : 1. did not go down well, 2. settled down, 3. tracked him down, 4. crack down on, 5. narrowed down, 6. back down, 7. tie you down, 8. laid down, 9. watering down, 10. kneel.

‘It appears to me, your aunt, sure of her own inevitable death went straight to the police headquarters to meet an autopsist!’Lady Blackcock said sardonically. Lady Hawthorn replied, ‘And your uncle, when he learnt that you had (1) started from the hotel, must have (2) lefthis house in fury and straight to the police!’ Lady Blackcock was not ready to (3) withdraw from her initial plan but she decided to tell the truth. ‘I am the wife of that mayor (Crunchester told us about) but I had always loved my real patron (remember, the coroner mentioned the man older than myself?). But then an argument (4) suddenly happened and so I (5) quarrelled with him and rashly married this mayor. I never loved him, he was ugly and stupid, that’s why I soon pleaded my patron for help. He was intending also to become a mayor and wanted (6) to get rid of my husband. He invented a cunning plan and I (7) performedit: I suggested going to this lonely café and poisoned the mayor’s tea. Then we (my patron and I) splashed the acid on my husband’s face, so no one could recognize him. Then we clothed him in a beggar’s clothes and threw his body in the gutter, and I began to work as the secretary of my patron (who became the new mayor) under another name. But it was dark at the time of that … m-m-m, well, incident, and we forgot about the gold watch!’

‘I am also here because of the watch,’ eagerly confessed lady Hawthorn. ‘It was when I had a relationship with the murdered.., sorry, the mayor you did away with, that the watch was given to him although he didn’t (8) excel as a politician at that time.’

Luck wasn’t against them when they visited the HQ. They met an old detective, who appeared to know something of the case and told them as much. The end of their conversation was very surprising.

‘So didn’t anyone (9) exhume the beggar’s body?’ The two oldies wondered.

‘No, but I want to (10) draw your attention to one fact: the autopsist who observed the beggar with the expensive watch, immediately resigned, and no one has heard of him since.’ ‘And what was his name?’‘His surname is more important. It was Dea.’

Answers : 1. set out, 2. stormed out of the house, 3. back out of, 4. broke out, 5. fell out, 6. to throw … out, 7. carried it out, 8. stand out, 9. take … out of the grave, 10. point out.

(1) Without thinking both women decided to return to Rosslare and have an interview with Dr Dea (the Coroner would have never thought his purely social chat might have caused such consequences). They went straight to his suite. ‘We know all about you! Where is the watch?!’ demanded Lady Hawthorn. Doctor Dea looked pitiable. ‘Before I tell you the answer I want to tell a true piece of autobiography. I’m not glad I (2) made a profession of medicine: I don’t have the ability for this science, though I (3) appearedin a doctors’ family. However, for years I have been deceiving my patients successfully but now I have (4) found myself in trouble since everyone knows I am a charlatan.’ ’And what has become of the watch?’ asked Lady Blackcock impatiently. ‘I have it. I’ve always wanted to sell it when I (5) no longer have money. And this moment has come’. Lady Blackcock thought it would not be difficult to (6) persuade the doctor to sell this watch. And she was right. ‘If we divide the gained money between us three, we will (7) all become rich, ’ said she and the doctor agreed. So they went to the jewelry shop.

‘I guess it’s an incredibly expensive watch. It’s made of pure gold, I wouldn’t take less than a million pounds for it,’ said the doctor, evidently concerned. The jeweler (8) exploded with laughter, ‘Stop this vacuous and irrelevant talk. It’s made of pure plastic!’ ‘I don’t think, doctor, your medical capabilities are on such a grade that you can (9) change gold to plastic. Or have you (10) starteddoing enthusiastically alchemy instead of medicine?’ Lady Blackcock said as sardonically as ever. ‘I don’t have the slightest idea, how this transformation happened,’ replied the doctor, who was indeed completely puzzled and confused. And then, suddenly, he exclaimed. ‘Why, yes, I know the cause of this! The mayor had a double, a doppelganger!’

Answers : 1. rushed into a decision, 2. went into, 3. was born into, 4. got into, 5. run out of, 6. to talk … into selling, 7. come into money, 8. burst into, 9. turn … into, 10. flung yourself into.

‘Humbug!’ Both ladies barked. ‘You must have (1) intended to go mad but we are not buying your nonsense!’ “Oh no, I know this for sure and I can prove it! Although the mayor (2) gave the impression of a most active politician, his mental health didn’t allow him to be a frequent public speaker but he had a twin brother and they looked as like as two peas and both (3) resembled their father. So, this twin had (4) not completed the university and all his investment schemes had (5) failed sohecould hardly (6) make both ends meet . However, he was sane and was capable of reading his brother’s speeches in public. Evidently, this substitution game (7) became popular with the mayor. His twin brother spoke in Parliament and the mayor (8) supported him. The gold watch was an integral part of the mayor so the double had an elaborate but plastic copy of it. I was the mayor’s personal doctor so I was in the know, besides, I (9) met the double by chance more than once.’ ‘Then the man I murdered must have been the double and my real husband may be alive! We won’t stand it! Let’s go to his old flat!’ Lady Blackcock was raving. So they (10) decided to go immediately.

The flat was luxurious and full of furniture which had (11) become unfashionable decades before. There were a lot of photos, letters and other tale-telling objects. Suddenly, Lady Hawthorn screamed, ‘What an interesting letter!’ The letter ran: ‘Dear Mr Black, I am well aware of the fact that you and my wife have tried to murder me. You may think you have succeeded but it is wishful thinking. On the contrary, I am alive and kicking and, more than that, I have the gold watch. It is difficult to (12) convey my sad feelings when I think of parting with it one day but despite the fact that I (13) continue working hard, the money I have (14) saved does not go far in satisfying all my needs. So if you want to buy an antique object, do not hesitate to contact me. Yours Sincerely, George Burnel (it is my new name).’

Answers : 1. set out, 2. came across as, 3. took after, 4. dropped out of, 5. fallen through, 6. get by, 7. caught on with, 8. stood by, 9. came across, 10. made up their minds, 11. fallen out of style, 12. get across, 13. keep on, 14. put by.

Lady Blackcock gasped, "Could it mean that my husband and my patron kept in touch after his twin brother (1)died ? That they (2)continued with their communication?! Now, when I (3)remember those dreadful events, I clearly see that the brother came to the café right after his speech in Parliament where he pretended to be my husband!’ Doctor Dea interposed, ‘As usual, your spouse (4)upheld his reputation of being a cunning devil.’ ‘Then’, said Lady Hawthorn, ‘Mr Black (Lady Blackcock’s patron, I mean) must have (5) providedthe double with a position in government!’ Lady Blackcock presumed, ‘If so, they must have (6)been friendly all this time!’ Suddenly, these presumptions (7) were criticizedby the doctor who suggested going to the hotel at once.

‘What have you been up to, all of you? I thought you might have (8) fallen ill with some viral infection, they can be deadly at our time of life!’ Sir George Burnel welcomed them in the lobby of the hotel with his characteristic joviality.

But Doctor Dea shared none of his merriment. ‘Where is the watch?’ he roared without any preliminaries. ‘Have you sold it to Mr Black, you villain?’ Burnel was as pale as a sheet. ‘No, I (9)faced some problems from the man who tracked me down and I gave him the watch free of charge.’ ‘And wasn’t that man’s name Mr Crunchester?!’ Lady Blackcock snarled. ‘How do you know?’ ‘You, scoundrel!’ screamed the whole party and rushed to the coroner who was at that moment exiting the lift.

‘I have always (10)considered the police inferior because they are the most corrupt and unscrupulous people I’ve ever come across!’ hissed Lady Hawthorn trying in vain to scratch the coroner’s eyes out.

The coroner raised his voice. ‘I’m (11) losing patience, stop these disgraceful exhibitions and listen to me! Mr Black and Mrs Blackcock, you are arrested on charges of attempted murder. Mr Dea, you are arrested on charges of charlatanism and obstruction of justice by stealing vital evidence. Mrs Hawthorn, you are arrested on charges of aiding and abetting a felony. Last but not least, Mr Burnel, you are also arrested. On what charge? We’ll come up with a charge for you later,’ said the coroner reassuringly. ‘By the way, the gold watch,’ he said mysteriously dangling the said object in front of their very eyes, ‘is fatally slow.’ With these words Coroner Crunchester phoned the police station.

Answers : 1. passed away, 2. carried on, 3. look back (up)on, 4. lived up to, 5. fixed the double up with, 6. got on (well), 7. came in for criticism from, 8. gone down with, 9. came up against, 10. looked down on the police, 11. running out of.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

Таким образом, мне удалось решить все поставленные задачи. Создан сборник, которым можно пользоваться при подготовке к олимпиадам, когда требуется дополнительная практика в использовании фразовых глаголов.

Во время выполнения этой работы я, к своему удивлению, узнал о существовании огромного количества фразовых глаголов, многие, надеюсь, прочно вошли в мой лексикон. Очень полезным оказалось составление биографий, я открыл для себя ранее неизвестные мне страницы истории Великобритании. Но самым большим открытием для меня стал тот факт, что фразовыми глаголами изобилуют аутентичные английские источники.

Я надеюсь, этот сборник поможет расширить кругозор учащихся и всех тех, кто будет его читать.

СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Flower J. Phrasal Verb Organiser with Mini-Dictionary/ Флауэр Д. Английские фразовые глаголы: Сборник упражнений. - Обнинск: Титул, 2001. - 144с.: ил.

Biography [Электронный ресурс] Режим доступа:

http://www.biography.com/

Википедия [Электронный ресурс] Режим доступа:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

Пройдите упражнения на фразовые глаголы в английском языке, чтобы лучше запомнить, как они используются, или проверить знания. В упражнениях используются фразовые глаголы из этой подборки: .

Упражнение 1

Знаете ли вы, как правильно переводятся эти предложения? Выберите правильный вариант перевода.

Показать ответы с переводом

1. Представление должно продолжаться! – Show must go on!
2. Фильм выходит в декабре. – The movie is coming out in December.
3. Я давно не видел племянника. Он вырос. – I haven’t seen my nephew for a long time. He has grown up.
4. Телефон звонит, возьми трубку. – The phone is ringing, pick it up.
5. Сделайте музыку погромче, пожалуйста. – Turn the music up, please.

Упражнение 2

В этом упражнении вам нужно расставить по местам фразовые глаголы. Обращайте внимание на контекст!

Показать ответы с переводом

1. Get in the car, I’ll give you a lift. – Садись в машину, я тебя подвезу.
2. How did you get on the train? You had no tickets. – Как вы сели на поезд? У вас же не было билетов.
3. Please, take off your shoes. In Russia, we don’t wear shoes at home. – Пожалуйста, разуйтесь. В России мы не ходим дома в обуви.
4. Why did you turn off the music? It was a lovely song! – Почему ты выключил музыку? Это была прекрасная песня.
5. I knew that Steve and Anny would break up . They’ve never really loved each other. – Я знал, что Стив и Энни расстанутся. Они никогда действительно друг друга не любили.
6. A dangerous criminal is reported to break out of prison. – Сообщается, что опасный преступник сбежал из тюрьмы.

Упражнение 3

Как и в предыдущем упражнении, вам нужно расставить фразовые глаголы по местам.

Показать ответы с переводом

1. You have spent a lot of money on your business but your investment will pay off . You’ll make much more. – Ты потратил много денег на бизнес, но твои вложения окупятся . Ты заработаешь намного больше.
2. His novel is not unique but it does stand out , it’s not typical for the genre. – Его роман не уникален, но он действительно выделяется , он не типичен для жанра.
3. You owe me favour. It’s time to pay back . I want you to do something for me. – Ты должен мне услугу. Пора вернуть долг . Я хочу, чтобы ты кое-что сделал для меня.
4. I’m gonna tell her some ridiculous story, you just play along , ok? Just like it’s true. – Я сейчас расскажу ей смешную историю, а ты просто подыгрывай , хорошо? Как-будто это правда.
5. You don’t have time to play around , you’ve got a thesis to write. – У тебя нет времени на то, чтобы дурачиться , тебе нужно писать дипломную работу.
6. Actors can turn into different people. – Актеры умеют превращаться в других людей.

Упражнение 4

Это упражнение сложнее предыдущих. Вам нужно написать подходящие фразовые глаголы, заполнив пропуски.

Показать ответы с переводом

1. Sorry, I can’t talk right now, I’ll call you back – Извините, я не могу говорить сейчас, я перезвоню позже.
2. Don’t forget to warm up before you work out . – Не забывай разминаться перед тем, как заниматься спортом.
3. I didn’t get along with my neighbours. – Я не ладил с соседями.
4. That’s a nice shirt, try in on . – Это хорошая рубашка, примерь .
5. Kevin asked me out for dinner. – Кевин пригласил меня на обед.
6. The dog is sleeping, don’t wake it up. – Собака спит, не буди ее.
7. We were waiting for another passenger but he didn’t show up . – Мы ждали еще одного пассажира, но он не появился .

Упражнение 5

В этих предложениях есть ошибки – найдите их, отметьте (нужно нажать мышкой на неправильное слово, чтобы его отметить) и проверьте догадку. Учтите, что выделять нужно только ошибочный глагол без предлога.

1. Поставьте в предложения подходящие фразовые глаголы с предлогом up в необходимой грамматической форме.

Wake – pick – bring — eat — give – look – set — get — tidy – break

1. You shouldn’t … up boxing. You are really talented.

2. I haven’t … up the living-room. It’s dirty.

3. Don’t … her up too early in the morning.

4. I always … up the new words in the dictionary.

5. My brother will … me up at the airport.

6. She usually … up at 5 to milk her cow.

7. Sorry to hear that Harry … up with his girlfriend yesterday.

8. I’m going to … up a joint venture.

9. Boys, stop chatting and … up your breakfast.

10. Little Alice was … up by a nanny.

2. Поставьте в предложения подходящие фразовые глаголы с предлогом on в необходимой грамматической форме.

carry — try – hold – count – take — come — switch – be — put

1. You can … on these trousers in the fitting-room.

2. Don’t … on the TV during a heavy storm.

3. If you keep silence I will … on reading the fairy-tale.

4. I have to … on my scarf, I’ve got a sore throat.

5. Kate is light-minded. I can’t … on her in trouble.

6. … on a second. I will call my sister.

7. Shall we go to the cinema? There … a new blockbuster on tonight.

8. … on, guys! We shall win!

9. Our company … on some new workers on Monday.

3. Поставьте в предложения подходящие фразовые глаголы с предлогом out в необходимой грамматической форме.

watch – find — eat — break – make — blow – clear — go – turn — count

1. In hot weather the fire can … out quite easily.

2. Tim has to … out 10 candles on his birthday cake today.

3. I’m tired of staying inside. Why don’t we … out somewhere?

4. I’m tired of cooking at home. Why don’t we … out somewhere?

5. … out! The monkeys are going to attack.

6. If you go to the party tonight, … me out. I won’t go.

7. We couldn’t … out the meaning of her poem.

8. Mike … out a successful designer.

9. You must … out his address and phone number.

10. Last week we … out the old bookcase in our room.

Ответы:

1. give (Ты не должен бросать бокс. Ты очень талантлив.)
2. tidied (Я не убралась в зале. Там грязно.)
3. wake (Не буди ее слишком рано утром.)
4. look (Я всегда отыскиваю новые слова в словаре.)
5. pick (Мой брат заберет меня в аэропорту.)
6. gets (Она обычно встает в пять часов, чтобы подоить корову.)
7. broke (Жаль, что Гарри расстался со своей подругой вчера.)
8. set (Я собираюсь создать совместное предприятие.)
9. eat (Мальчики, перестаньте болтать и доедайте свой завтрак.)
10. brought (Маленькую Алису воспитала няня.)

1. try (Вы можете примерить эти брюки в примерочной.)
2. switch (Не включай телевизор во время сильного шторма.)
3. carry (Если вы будете молчать, я продолжу чтение сказки.)
4. put (Мне нужно надеть шарф, у меня горло болит.)
5. count (Кейт легкомысленна. Я не могу на нее положиться в беде.)
6. Hold (Подожди секунду. Я позову сестру.)
7. is (Мы пойдем в кино? Вечером будут показывать новый блокбастер.)
8. Come (Давайте, ребята! Мы победим!)
9. took (Наша компания приняла на работу несколько новых сотрудников в понедельник.)

1. break (В жаркую погоду пожар может вспыхнуть довольно легко.)
2. blow (Тиму придется задувать 10 свечей на именинном торте сегодня.)
3. go (Я устал сидеть дома. Почему бы нам не выйти куда-нибудь в свет?)
4. eat (Я устала готовить дома. Почему бы нам не выйти куда-нибудь поужинать?)
5. Watch (Осторожно! Обезьяны собираются напасть.)
6. count (Если вы пойдете сегодня на вечеринку, на меня не рассчитывайте. Я не пойду.)
7. make (Мы не могли понять смысл ее стихотворения.)
8. turned (Майк оказался успешным дизайнером.)
9. find (Ты должен разузнать его адрес и номер телефона.)
10. cleared (На прошлой неделе мы расчистили старый книжный шкаф в нашей комнате.)

Представляем вам фразовые глаголы в английском языке. Скорее всего, вы часто встречаете такие сочетания как: check out, look after, run over и т.п. Подобные сочетания называются фразовыми, а глагол, входящий в их состав – фразовым. В данном разделе представлена вся информация об английских фразовых глаголах: общие правила употребления и конкретные глаголы с упражнениями и ответами.

Основное Упражнения

Фразовые глаголы английского языка – всю информацию о них вы узнаете, прочитав эту статью. Мы постараемся изложить материал простым языком, чтобы даже новичку в английском языке с первого раза было понятно, что такое фразовые глаголы , и “с чем их едят”.

Итак, сначала констатируем элементарный и очевидный факт – в английском языке есть глаголы, простые обычные глаголы, которые состоят из одного слова. Например: give, take, put и т.п. Возьмем, к примеру, глагол put (класть) и употребим его в предложении:

We put our books on the table. – Мы кладем наши книги на стол.

Теперь рассмотрим еще пару примеров с тем же самым глаголом:

I put the clean dishes away. – Я убрал чистые тарелки.
We put out the campfire before we left. – Мы затушили костер перед тем, как ушли.

В этих предложениях глагол put употреблен не сам по себе, а в сопровождении частиц: away в первом предложении и out – во втором. Таким образом, строго говоря, мы имеем в указанных предложениях не глагол put, а put away и put out. Т.е. глагол put предстает в виде фразы, отсюда и возникает его название – фразовый глагол. Часто в учебниках по грамматики у фразовых глаголов есть еще иные названия, в частности: многословные глаголы (multi-word verbs), составные глаголы (compound verbs) и т.д.

Иногда фразовые глаголы можно легко понять и перевести на русский язык. Например, в первом случае значение фразового глагола можно вывести из значения его компонентов: put (класть) + away (прочь) = put away (убирать, т.е. класть прочь). Однако, очень часто такой возможности не представляется. Примером тому служит наше второе предложение, в котором put (класть) и out (из, наружу) в сочетании своем дают почему-то put out (тушить, гасить). В этом-то и заключается один из неприятных моментов, связанных с фразовыми глаголами в английском языке: даже знание отдельных компонентов не гарантирует правильности понимания фразового глагола в целом. Что делать? Да то же самое, что и с обычными английскими словами – учить наизусть.

Фразовые глаголы в английском языке бывают непереходными (intransitive) и переходными (transitive). На всякий случай напомним вам термины “непереходный” и “переходный”. Глагол бывает непереходным, когда от него нельзя задать вопросы “кого? что?”. Например, глагол “уезжать” является непереходным, потому что мы не можем сказать “уезжать кого? что?”. Любые другие вопросы (откуда уезжать? для чего уезжать и т.п.) возможны, а вот “кого? что?” – нет. Соответственно глагол будет переходным, если от него можно задать вопрос “кого? что?”. Например, “наткнуться на кого? что?”, “вызвать кого? что?” и т.п.

Итак, дубль два: фразовые глаголы в английском языке бывают непереходными и переходными. Проще всего иметь дело с первым типом глаголов, т.е. с непереходными. Немного позже вы сами поймете почему. А пока приведем примеры непереходных фразовых глаголов:

He ran away when he was 15. – Он покинул дом, когда ему было 15 лет.
He gets up very early. – Он рано встает.
Come in, please. – Войдите, пожалуйста.

Вот фразовые глаголы, которые были употреблены в наших примерах: run away, get up, come in. Они все непереходные.

Теперь обратимся к примерам переходных глаголов:

I ran into Bob. – Я наткнулся (случайно встретил) Боба.
I got in the taxi at the airport. – Я сел в такси в аэропорту.
The teacher called on Jane. – Учитель вызвал Джейн.
Who is looking after the baby? – Кто присматривает за ребенком?

В этих предложениях употреблены следующие фразовые глаголы: run into, get in, call on, look after. У всех перечисленных глаголов имеется дополнения, на которые переходит действие глаголов: run into Bob, get in the taxi, call on Jane, look after the baby.

Теперь настало время объяснить вам, почему иметь дело с переходными глаголами не очень приятно. Посмотрите на следующие примеры:

We put our trip off. – Мы отложили нашу поездку.
We put off our trip. – Мы отложили нашу поездку.

Что вы заметили в английских предложениях? Правильно – порядок слов, а именно: дополнение our trip прыгает вокруг частицы. В первом случае our trip стоит перед частицей off, а во втором – после. Так вот, еще одна неприятность переходных глаголов заключается в том, что с одними глаголами подобные прыжки дополнений возможны, а с другими – нет. Глагол put off относится к таким демократичным фразовым глаголам, вокруг которых свистопляска дополнений выглядит нормально. А вот глагол go on уже не позволяет творить с собой подобные штуки:

I ran into Bob. – Я наткнулся (случайно встретил) Боба. Нельзя сказать I ran Bob into.
I got in the taxi at the airport. – Я сел в такси в аэропорту. Ни в коем случае не I got the taxi in.

Возникает вопрос – как узнать, можно двигать дополнение или нет? К сожалению, ответ не удивит вас оригинальностью – учить наизусть. Правда, есть одно железное правило: если дополнение представляет собой местоимение, то оно всегда стоит перед частицей:

We put it off. – Отложи это.

Если в примерах

We put our trip off.
We put off our trip.

дополнение, выраженное существительным прыгает туда-сюда, то в примере

оно может стоять только перед частицей. Вариант we put off it будет неверным.

Есть еще небольшая подсказка, которая поможет вам определить, можно ли жонглировать дополнениями или нет, и находится она в словарях. Возьмем, например, глагол let out (разболтать, выболтать). В хорошем словаре (или справочнике) будет указано что-то типа let something out. Слово something (что-либо) часто еще сокращается до smth. Если вы видите, что слово something, которое имитирует дополнение, стоит между самим глаголом и частицей, то, скорее всего, перед вами демократичный глагол, допускающий различное местоположение своего дополнения:

I didn’t let out the secret. – Я не разглашал секрет.
I didn’t let the secret out. – Я не разглашал секрет.

Но помните: если в качестве дополнения употреблено местоимение, то оно всегда будет стоять перед частицей:

I didn’t let it out. – Я не разглашал это.

Итак, мы подошли к концу нашего урока, посвященного фразовым глаголам английского языка. Надеемся, что тема более-менее улеглась у вас в голове. Кстати, совсем скоро мы отдельно опубликуем два списка фразовых глаголов: в первом списке будут указаны фразовые глаголы, которые не допускают перемещения дополнений, а во втором – те глаголы, у которых дополнение может прыгать вокруг частицы. Иметь такие списки очень полезно, а еще полезнее – выучить их наизусть раз и навсегда и никогда в жизни больше не иметь проблем с фазовыми глаголами.

Издание представляет собой пособие по применению в английском языке фразовых глаголов - одной из наиболее сложных для усвоения категорий лексики. Содержит справочный материал, примеры и упражнения по развитию навыков использования фразовых глаголов в устной и письменной речи, необходимые при подготовке к занятиям, тестированию и экзамену. В конце пособия имеются ключи к упражнениям.
Предназначено для абитуриентов, будет полезно студентам гуманитарных ВУЗов и колледжей, учащимся старших классов, а также всем желающим углубить свои знания английского языка.

Английские фразовые глаголы - это специфическое сочетание глагола с предлогом (иногда - с несколькими предлогами) или с наречием, имеющее единый смысл. Особенность данной структуры состоит в том, что в большинстве случаев ее семантическое значение нельзя вывести ни из значения глагола, ни при помощи прилагаемой к нему единицы (предлога или наречия, называемых послелогами), хотя в отдельных случаях дословный перевод глагола и послелога может дать ключ к пониманию всей единицы. В этом отношении фразовые глаголы сходны с идиомами и представляют значительную трудность для усвоения, так как подлежат простому запоминанию без опоры на логические связи или на перенос значений из составных частей структуры. Несмотря на то, что у фразовых глаголов почти всегда есть синонимы среди обычных глаголов, их усвоение имеет особое значение при овладении английским языком, поскольку делает это владение полноценным. И с другой стороны, невладение определенными фразовыми глаголами мешает достигнуть полного понимания речи носителя английского языка.

Всего в английском языке насчитывается около 12 000 фразовых глаголов. Их использование характерно как для официальной речи, так и для разговорной, и преимуществ стилистического плана в употреблении не отмечается.

Фразовые глаголы не являются ограниченной, застывшей группировкой. Это гибкая, постоянно изменяющаяся категория. В речи как устной, так и письменной, постоянно появляются новые единицы, равно как добавляются новые значения к уже существующим.

Содержание
Предисловие 3
1. to ask 5
2. to back 7
3. to be (am/is/are, was/were, been) 10
4. to blow (blew, blown) 15
5. to break (broke, broken) 18
6. to bring (brought, brought) 22
7. to call .....26
8. to carry 28
9. to come (came, come) 30
10. to cut (cut, cut) 36
11. to do (did, done) 40
12. to drop 44
13. to fall (fell, fallen) 46
14. to get (got, got) 51
15. to give (gave, given) 61
16. to go (went, gone) 65
17. to hold (held, held) 75
18. to keep (kept, kept) 79
19. to let (flet, let) 84
20. to look 88
21. to make (made, made) 94
22. to pay (paid, paid) 99
23. to pull 101
24. to push 106
25. to put (put, put) 108
26. to run (ran, run) 118Я
27. to see (saw, seen) 123
28. to send (sent, sent) 127
29. to set (set, set) 129
30. to sit (sat, sat) 135
31. to stand (stood, stood) 138
32. to stay 144
33. to stop 146
34. to take (took, taken) 148
35. to talk 160
36. to throw (threw, thrown) 164
37. to turn 167
38. to walk 176
39. to work 178
40. to write (wrote, written) 183
Дополнительные тесты 187
Ключи к упражнениям 192
Литература 204.

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• Английские фразовые глаголы в примерах и упражнениях, English phrasal verbs (usage and exercises), Точилина А.К., Шинкарева О.А., 2011
• Английский язык, Способы словообразования в таблицах и упражнениях, Точилина А.К., 2018 - Данное пособие представляет собой результат тщательного отбора и сведения воедино существующих правил английскою словообразования, обычно разбросанных по различным разделам грамматики. … Книги по английскому языку
• Английский язык, Тренажер 2, Точилина А.К., Кажемская Л.Л., 2010 - Пособие предназначено для углубленной подготовки к централизованному тестированию по английскому языку. Включает расширенный грамматический материал, тренировочные и контрольные упражнения, а … Книги по английскому языку
• Тематическая лексика английского языка в тестах и упражнениях, Готовимся к централизованному тестированию, Точилина А.К., Кажемская Л.Л., 2009

Следующие учебники и книги:

• Enjoy English-1, Учебник английского языка для начальной школы, Аудиокурс MP3, Биболетова М.З., Добрынина Н.В., Ленская Н.А., 2006 - Курс Enjoy English создан для обучения детей английскому языку в начальной школе. Он состоит из двух книг. Enjoy English - … Книги по английскому языку
• Русско-английский разговорник, Масюченко И.П., 2012 - Общайтесь на английском языке без проблем! Этот разговорник позволит вам чувствовать себя как дома в любой стране! Общение без препятствий … Книги по английскому языку
• Новый русско-английский разговорник, Курчаков А.К., 2008 - Наша книга представляет собой пособие - разговорник, сочетающее элементы традиционного разговорника, самоучителя английского языка, словаря и справочника. В сжатой форме … Книги по английскому языку
• Все о модальных глаголах и сослагательном наклонении в английском языке, Пахотин А.И., 2005 - Это уникальное и единственное на книжном рынке пособие поможет вам узнать всю необходимую информацию о всех модальных глаголах и сослагательном … Книги по английскому языку

Предыдущие статьи:

• Английский язык, 9 класс, Spotlight, Ваулина Ю.Е., Эванс В., Дули Дж., Подоляко О.Е., 2010 Книги по английскому языку
• Английский язык, 7 класс, Spotlight, Ваулина Ю.Е., Эванс В., Дули Дж., Подоляко О.Е., 2010 - Английский в фокусе написан специально для общеобразовательной российской школы отечественными учителями-практиками совместно с известными британскими авторами. Все материалы апробированы в … Книги по английскому языку
• Английский язык, 6 класс, Spotlight, Ваулина Ю.Е., Эванс В., Дули Дж., Подоляко О.Е., 2008 - Английский в фокусе написан специально для общеобразовательной российской школы отечественными учителями-практиками совместно с известными британскими авторами. Все материалы апробированы в … Книги по английскому языку
• Английский язык, 4 класс, Spotlight, Быкова Н.И., Дули Дж.,2007 - Английский в фокусе написан специально для общеобразовательной российской школы отечественными учителями-практиками совместно с известными британскими авторами. Все материалы апробированы в … Книги по английскому языку