English words that have the ju sound. Rules for reading vowels O and U in open and closed syllables and their combinations

The slogan of which is: English sounds are not equal to Russian ones. To learn the correct pronunciation, we have developed a recipe: we take a “bunch” of similar sounds, compare them with each other and with their Russian counterparts. Then we practice pronunciation and literally “train” the speech apparatus to the correct position with the help of several dozen example words and tongue twisters.

A line from a famous song will help to consolidate the result, which will crash into the auditory memory and will not allow you to forget the sound!

Today we will take sounds similar to the Russian sound |u| is a long diphthongoid |uː|, short |ʊ| and the diphthong |ʊǝ|.

Long sound |uː| - round but not bulge

Pronounced in words goose, too, rule etc. This sound is very similar to ours, but there are two main differences:

1. English | uː | is a diphthongoid. That is, this is one sound, but we hear in it the “overtone” of the second sound (also | u |, but deeper), because the tongue and lips slightly change their position during pronunciation: the tongue moves back and up in the oral cavity. The lips are visibly rounded at the beginning and become even more rounded as the tongue moves.

Watch the host say the sample words from 0:27. If you listen and look closely, then this feature will be noticeable: the sound seems to go deeper, the lips narrow.

2. To pronounce English | uː | lips are rounded, but not protruding forward. To see the difference, compare the two pictures. At the first, Russian-speaking singer Keti Topuria pronounces the word « atI fly" in the song of the same name. In the second picture, the English-speaking presenter from the previous video says one of the example words.

Think you can see the difference? 🙂

As a bonus, I’ll tell you about one more important point: in combination | ju: |, which may remind you of the sounds of our letter "Yu"(as in the word « Yu la") - the preceding vowel is not softened! For example, in the words f ew, n ew, t une- we first pronounce a hard consonant and only then raise the middle back of the tongue to the hard palate for | ju: |.

Got it? Did you catch the differences? We begin to work out the correct position on a set of words.

through |θruː|

school |skuːl |

Now we complicate the task: we pronounce tongue twisters. Long sound | u: | highlighted in bold:

Asch oo l's men u u sually included u des safe oo ds ou p, n oo dles and st ew ed fr ui t. A u niversity's men u u sually included u des g oo se, c u cumbers, mushr oo ms and fr ui tj ui ce.
A c u teb eau ty sal oo n u naturally u ses perf u me, shampoo oo and t oo thpaste prod u ced in the US.
J u dy's r oo m has a b eau tyful vi ew of a p oo l, L u cy's r oo m has a b eau tyful vi ew of r u ins.

And "cherry on the cake" - the promised line from the song. For sound | u: | the chorus of "Here I Am" by Bryan Adams will do:

It's a n ew world, it's a n ew start
It's alive with the beating of young hearts
It's a n ew day it's a n ew plan
I've been waiting for y ou

From 0:41 to 1:02 minutes

Short sound |ʊ| - mix u, oh, s

Pronounced in words look, good, book and others. It also differs significantly from Russian | | at |. Firstly, the position of the tongue: it is not tense, pulled back, but not very far (in the Russian version, the tongue is pulled back further). The back of the tongue rises to the front of the soft palate not so high - up to half the distance.

The second important difference is the position of the lips: they don't round as much. In fact, the lips need to be rounded, as for our | o |, but the mouth is not open so wide. The lips hardly protrude.

Total: move your tongue forward and lower it slightly; do not stick out your lips; give the sound a touch of Russian|s|and only slightly rounded lips. To help the video from the wonderful Ronnie.

Let's start with words. Take the desired position of the mouth - and get to work!

women | ˈwʊmən|

sugar | ˈʃʊɡə r |

The next step - tongue twisters with sound | ʊ |.

A g oo dl oo king w o man c oo ks c oo kies with s u gar and g oo seberry from a g oo dc oo kb oo k.
G oo df u llers are g oo d at f u llingw oo l, g oo dc oo ks are g oo d at c oo king c oo kies, g oo db oo kmen are g oo d at f oo noting b oo ks. C ou ld g oo db oo ksellers be g oo d at b oo king b oo ks?
A c oo k's b oo kshelf is f u ll of c oo kb oo ks, A b oo kman's b oo kcase is f u ll of g oo db oo ks.

And the last one is the song. For this sound, I propose to dwell on the song of the singer La'Porsha Renae - "Good Woman".

You got a g oo d g oo d g oo d g oo d w o man (women)
You better get it together and act like you know that you do
Cuz I'm a real g oo d g oo d g oo d good w o man (women)
But even g oo d women go bad when they go through what you p u t me through

From 1:04 to 1:40 minutes

Sound |ʊǝ| What is a diphthong?

Pronounced in words pure,sec u rity, tour and etc . Let's start the conversation with what a diphthong is in principle. This is a combination of two vowels that are in one syllable. That is, when pronouncing this sound, the position of the speech apparatus is changing, but at the same time you pronounce these “two sounds” together, without dividing them into syllables (as you separate, for example, in the Russian word Poh t- where "on" and "this"- two separate syllables).

Don't confuse diphthong and diphthong oid(like the long |u: | we talked about above). In diphthong idea“Overtone of the second sound” is similar in quality to the main sound, and in a diphthong, the two components of the sound are very different from each other.

In a diphthong, one part is a syllabic core (strong sound), and the second is a weak, muffled sound (I would say “echo of sound”).

In our today's diphthong | ʊǝ | syllable-forming element is the sound | ʊ | (we just learned how to pronounce it). The second, weak element is the sound of the "seam", which we talked about in. Only within this diphthong does it become even more faceless and unexpressed.

Let me remind you: the sound of the "seam" is an analogue of our post-shock | a | and | o | as in words cows a, risotto aboutetc. This is a very relaxed sound that we pronounce without straining either the tongue or the lips at all.

I’ll make a reservation right away that this diphthong in English is not so frequent. Moreover, in some words in modern English it is replaced either by or simply by | ʊ | (especially in American English), or into 2 syllables: long sound | u: | + | ə |. Read more.

pure |pjʊə r |

during | ˈdjʊərɪŋ|

security |sɪˈkjʊərəti |

endure |ɪnˈdjʊə r |

furious | ˈfjʊəriəs|

furry | ˈfjʊəri |

impure |ɪmˈpjʊə r |

manicure | ˈmænɪkjʊə r |

neurons | njʊərɒn|

spurious | ˈspjʊəriəs|

Let's not skip the step with tongue twisters:

I'll s ure ly speak fl ue ntly after a t ou r to Eu rope.
The j u ry got f u rious and m ur ed the p oo rp u ritan.
The m oor s have always l ure d Sir C ur ie, but d u ring his t ou r to the m oo rsp oo r Sir C ur ie was cr ue lly removed from his b ureau for truth.

At the end, a song. I settled on "Pure Love" by Ronnie Milsap (word pure).

Pure love, baby it's pure love
Milk and honey and Captain Crunch and you in the morning
Pure love baby it's pure love
Ninety-nine and forty-four one hundred percent pure love

The lines we need come from the very beginning. And in general, listen to the whole song: cheerful motives in country style will cheer you up 🙂

Let's summarize: analogues of Russian |у|

Long sound | u: | unlike ours, it is diphthongoid (the speech apparatus slightly changes its position during pronunciation): the tongue moves back and up in the oral cavity. The lips are rounded at first and, as the tongue moves, they become even more rounded. But do not bulge forward!
Brief sound | ʊ | also very different from ours. First, the tongue must be moved forward and lowered slightly. Secondly, the rounding of the lips is more like a position for our | o |, but the mouth is not so wide open, the lips almost do not move forward. The sound needs to be given a “tint” of our | s |.
Diphthong | ʊǝ | is an indivisible combination of a strong syllabic sound | ʊ | and weak | ǝ |. In English, this sound is not so common.

We do not say goodbye!

We continue the countdown of the parsed sounds of the English language. We were left with 22 sounds. This means that at the moment there are only 22 - 3 = 19 ahead.

In the meantime, check out our pronunciation video to get you closer to saying goodbye to your accent once and for all:

So, here we got to the last sixth vowel of the English alphabet, the letter Uu. If you have studied rules for readingEnglish language according to our recommendations, you already have sufficient theoretical knowledge. However, practice is likely to be lacking. However, this is not the end of our reading course. Practice is ahead of you. More on this later.

From Lesson 25 you will learn:

how to read a letter Uu in English;

repeat the sounds , [ʌ], [ə:], .

Rules for reading the English letter U

Here are phrases to help you remember reading the letter U in each type of syllable. A dictionary is connected to the site and, if in doubt, click on the word and listen to how it is pronounced.

Reading the English letter U in 4 types of syllable. Tongue Twisters

1. : I don't like u dual t u nes in m u sic. I don't like ordinary tunes.

2. [ʌ]: Have l u nch with u s. - Dine with us.

3. [ə:]: I have a p ur ple p ur se. — I have a purple wallet.

4. : I am s ure. - I'm sure.

Phonetic exercises for reading the letter U in an open and closed syllable

U(I, II):

fun, music, plum, cube, pumpkin, rubber, super, drum, student, stupid, hunting, hungry, tune, tunic, luck, supper, super, to return, curl, sunny, pupil, blue, uniform, summer, suck , unit, due, ugly, mutton, butter, struggle, to construct, to consult, cluster, dub, drunk, true, tulip, use, upland, under, computer, cucumber, buck, must, to amuse, mummy, truth, gum, bubble, much, huge

to- sign of the verb. Most verbs are stressed on the second syllable.

Exceptions:

1. after letters l, r, j vowel U often read as: blue, true, truth, June, July,

2. after letters b, p, f in a closed syllable a vowel U often read like [u]: full, bush, put, pull, etc.

Words to remember:

busy [‘bizi] - busy
study [‘stʌdɪ] - to study
sugar [‘∫ugə] - sugar

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Phonetic exercises for reading the letter U in the third and fourth type of syllable

U (III, IV):

church, turn, burn, to return, pure, curl, curb, fur, hurt, sure, nurse, curse, curt, burning, turning, turkey, lure

In an unstressed syllable, U reads like [ə]:

to s u ppose ,fig u re [‘fɪgə], `maxim u m [‘mæksɪməm]

Phonetic exercises for practicing reading the letter U with audio recording and answers (Closed Content)

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Title: Phonetic exercises with audio recording

Description: Access to restricted content *Repeat the rules of reading in English*

Reading letter combination UI:

3. UI read -in a closed syllable after n, s: suit - suit, nuisance [‘nju: səns] - annoyance. Exception: suite - hotel room
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Reading the letter combination QU

1. qu read almost always: qu ick, qu ickly, qu iet, qu ietly, qu estion, qu iz, qu it, qu ite, s qu irrel, qu ail, qu ill, qu ilt, qu arter
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Do not confuse: qu ite- quite and qu iet- quiet

This was the last lesson of the course. "Teaching English Reading and Pronunciation Simultaneously". In conclusion, I want to once again draw your attention to the fact that in the first 20 lessons I relied on reading teaching methodology from sound to letter and in the last 5 lessons on reading teaching methodology "from letter to sound" and finally the circle is closed. There is such an English expression "to round up". I hope that now you have sufficient theoretical knowledge that, as a reinforcement, study on your own a few more articles:

Vowel . When pronouncing a long vowel sound [i:], the lips are tense and strongly rounded, but much less advanced than with a Russian sound y.

In a letter, a double O is transmitted by a letter combination, except in cases before the letter k. For example, soon- soon, soon moon- moon

Exception:book- book (short and).

Vowel sound [and]. When pronouncing the short vowel sound [and], the lips are noticeably rounded, but not pushed forward, the tongue is pulled back, but somewhat less than for [and:] (and long). The sound resembles an unstressed Russian sound y in words empty, dull pronounced without moving the lips forward.

For example, hook - hook, look - sight

Remember the words in which [and] are pronounced as an exception: put - put pull - pull push - push full - full

%" Exercise A

pool (pool) - pull (pull) tool (tool) - full (full) too - took tooth - hook

food - cook boot - look fool - full

Exercise B

fool - pool - hook fool - too - book cook - boot - loop foot - cool - mood shook - soon - boot spoon - moon - foot

Sounds [e:], [o],

Vowel[o:] is a long vowel. In order to correctly pronounce a sound, one should give the organs of speech a position, as when pronouncing a sound a, then significantly round the lips and push them forward a little.

Vowel sound [o]. In order to pronounce the sound [o], one should proceed from the position of the organs of speech when pronouncing the sound [a:], then slightly round the lips and pronounce a short sound [o].

Vowel[oi]. The beginning of the sound is a cross between the Russian sounds o and e. The lips, when pronouncing the beginning of this diphthong, are slightly stretched and rounded. Gliding occurs in the direction of the vowel [and].

Exercise A

more - score - poor floor - for - form fork - pork - sport dawn - hawk - because

Exercise B

not-top-hot Rostov-on-Don dot-mop-mob

Exercise C

tone - note - smoke cone - loan - moan code - hope - cope lobe - mould - gold boat - soap - coat

Sounds [yu], ,

Diphthong[Yu]. The core of the sound is the vowel [i], and the sliding occurs in the direction of the neutral vowel, which has a shade of the sound [l].

Diphthong. The core of the diphthong is a vowel sound similar to the Russian sound a in the word tea. Gliding occurs in the direction of the sound and, however, its formation is not fully achieved, as a result of which only the beginning of the sound and is heard.

Exercise A

year - hear - ear here - near - fear tear - peer - beer rear - leer - mere

Exercise B

mile - pile - kite site - side - ride

height - light - fight might - right - tight pike - hike - hide

Exercise C

now - how - brown out - now - house louse - mouse - cows out - loud - without

sounds,

Consonant sound . There is no such sound in Russian. The sound is muffled. When pronouncing it, the tongue is flattened and relaxed, the tip of the tongue forms a narrow flat slit, loosely pressing against it. A jet of air passes through this gap with force. The tip of the tongue should not protrude far beyond the upper teeth or press too tightly against the lips. The teeth should be exposed, especially the lower ones, so that the lower lip does not touch or come close to the upper teeth.

Consonant sound . When pronouncing a sound, the organs of speech occupy the same burning position as when pronouncing a sound. Sound differs from sound only in sonority, that is, it is pronounced with a voice.

Exercise A

through - fifth - myth thief - tooth - thunder thank - think - thought theater - theory - theft

Exercise B

thermometer - thick -- thin thirst - thirty - thorough threat - three -booth threw - throat - thumb faith - hearth - path bath - booth - broth this - that - those there - though - these them - they - the

Sounds [w], [ 13]

Consonant . When pronouncing a consonant, the back of the tongue closes with the lowered soft palate, and air passes through the nasal cavity. In order to achieve the desired position of the organs of speech, one can inhale through the nose with the mouth wide open, then make sure that neither the tip of the tongue, nor its front and middle parts touch the palate.

Exercise A

what - why - where whip - wheat - while war - wharf - water wedding - wage - wait waitress - waist - waste weather - woman - wind wall - wallet - walk walnut - waltz - won

Exercise B

wing - king - being sing - nothing - something nothing - anything - ring

The sound [U:] is a long and intense sound. When pronouncing the sound [ U: ], the tongue is slightly retracted from the lower teeth, the lips are rounded, but do not protrude forward as when pronouncing the Russian sound “u”.

The [Ju:] sound is also a long and tense sound. It is considered a variant of the [U:] sound. In order to pronounce the sound [Ju:], you must start with the sound [J].

The sound [ Ju: ] is similar to the Russian sound “yu”, if you pronounce it without protruding your lips forward.

Compare:

English sounds [U:], [Ju:] sound in the following English words:

Long sound [ U: ] The letter conveys:

The letter combination Oo + any consonant other than K, for example: spoon, room, pool, cool, boot, school

A U preceded by an L and followed by a silent E, for example: blue, clue

The exception is the letter combination Ou, which in the word soup is read as [ U: ]

The sound [Ju:] The letter is transmitted:

The letter Uu [ Ju: ], followed by a consonant + silent vowel E, for example: tune after the sounds [ L, r ] U is read as [ U: ]: ruler, blue letter combination Ew [ I: dʌbl ju: ]: new

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The [J] sound is not complicated at all. It is pronounced in the same way as the Russian sound "Y", but less distinctly. When pronouncing [J], the back of the tongue is raised to the hard palate, but ...
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In Russian, there is no sound similar to the sound [æ]. This is a short open sound. When pronouncing [æ], you need to pull the corners of your mouth a little to the sides, position your tongue as flat as possible ...
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In Russian, a sound similar to the English sound [R] does not exist. When pronouncing the sound [ R ], the tip of the tongue is raised to the back of the alveoli (tubercles behind the upper teeth). Language...
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The diphthong [Iə] begins with a vowel [I] and ends with a glide towards the neutral sound [ə]. It should be remembered that the consonant preceding this sound is not softened. Here...
Compound words are considered words that have two different roots. Such words can be written together, through a dash or separately, but in a semantic sense they represent a single whole. In russian language...
The rising tone in the English sentence differs from the Russian rising tone in that the first stressed syllable is pronounced at a rather low level, and the rise of the voice occurs gradually on the last stressed syllable. Compare:...
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The combinations Tn, Dn are pronounced together, without tearing the tip of the tongue from the alveoli. Air passes through the nasal cavity, forming a kind of explosion. Immediately after the explosion, the organs of speech are tuned to the pronunciation of subsequent sounds. AT...

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

Vowel [i:] resembles the Russian sound [ and ] in the word willow.

Vowel [i] resembles a short Russian sound [and].

Vowel sound [ e ] close to the Russian sound [e] in words these, tin but not in words this, echo.

Vowel sound [æ] unlike any Russian sound, it can be described as "something in between the Russian sounds [e] and [a]". When pronouncing this sound, the lips are somewhat stretched, the lower jaw is lowered, the tip of the tongue touches the lower teeth, and the middle back of the tongue slightly arches forward and upward.

Vowel sound [ei] - diphthong, the core of which is the vowel [ e ], and the slide occurs in the direction of the vowel [ i ]. When pronouncing a diphthong [ei], it is necessary to ensure that the core is not as wide as the Russian vowel [e], and the second element does not turn into a Russian sound [th].

Vowel sound [ə] is called a neutral vowel and is the result of reduction, that is, the weakening of vowels in an unstressed position. It is always unstressed and is easily influenced by neighboring sounds. Hence a number of shades of the neutral vowel. One of them coincides with the Russian final unstressed [a] in words such as room, paper. It should not look like either [e], or distinct [a].

Vowel sound [a:] resembles a Russian sound [a], but the tongue moves further back and down and lies flat.

Vowel sound [u:] . When pronouncing the sound [u:], the lips are strongly rounded, but much less pushed forward than when pronouncing the Russian sound [u]. The English sound [u:] is longer and more tense than the Russian sound [u].

Vowel sound [ɔ:] - long vowel. In order to correctly pronounce the sound [ɔ:], one should give the speech organs a position, as when pronouncing the sound [a:], then significantly round the lips and slightly push them forward; pronounce the sound [ɔ:], avoiding the overtone [y] in front of it, which is characteristic of Russian [o].

Vowel sound [ɔ] . In order to pronounce the sound [ɔ], one should proceed from the position of the organs of speech when pronouncing the sound [a:], then slightly round the lips and pronounce a short sound [ɔ].

Vowel sound [ u ] - a short monophthong. Unlike the Russian sound [u], when pronouncing the English sound [u], the lips almost do not move forward, but they are noticeably rounded.

Vowel sound [ou] - diphthong. It begins with a vowel sound, which is a cross between the Russian sounds [o] and [e]. The lips, when pronouncing the beginning of this diphthong, are slightly stretched and rounded. Gliding occurs in the direction of the vowel [u].

Vowel sound [ʌ] similar to the Russian pre-stressed sound [ a ] in words which, posts, bass.

Vowel sound [au] - a diphthong, the core of which is the sound [ a ], as in the diphthong [ ai ], and the slide occurs in the direction of the vowel sound [ u ], which, however, is not clearly pronounced.

Vowel sound [ɔi] - a diphthong, the core of which is the vowel sound [ ɔ ], and the sliding occurs in the direction of the vowel sound [ i ].

Vowel sound [ə:] . When pronouncing the sound [ə:] the body of the tongue is raised, the entire back of the tongue lies as flat as possible, the lips are tense and slightly stretched, slightly exposing the teeth, the distance between the jaws is small. In Russian, there is no sound coinciding with the sound [ə:] or similar to it. Care must be taken not to replace the sound [ə:] with the sounds [e] or [o].

Vowel sound [iə] - diphthong. The core of the diphthong is the vowel [ i ], and the slide occurs in the direction of the neutral vowel, which has a shade of the sound [ ʌ ].

Vowel sound [ɛə] - diphthong. The core of the diphthong is a vowel similar to the Russian sound [ e ] in the word this is. Gliding occurs in the direction of a neutral vowel with a hint of sound [ʌ].

Vowel sound [uə] - diphthong. The core of the diphthong is the vowel [ u ], the slide occurs in the direction of the neutral vowel, which has a shade of [ ʌ ].

Consonant sound [ m ] close to the Russian sound [m], but when pronouncing the English sound, the lips close more tightly than when pronouncing the Russian sound.

Consonants [p, b] similar to Russian sounds [p, b], but English sounds are pronounced with a breath, the lips first close, and then instantly open.

Consonant [f] pronounced more energetically than the corresponding Russian consonant [f].

Consonant sound [ v ] , unlike the Russian sound [v] at the end of the word is not stunned.

Consonants [t, d] resemble Russian sounds [t, d], but before vowels they are pronounced aspirated.

Consonants [ n, l, s, z ] close to Russian sounds [n, l, s, z].

Consonant [w] similar to the Russian sound [u], but when pronouncing the English sound, the lips are more rounded and significantly pushed forward.

Consonant [θ] has no analogue in Russian. This sound is muffled. When pronouncing it, the tongue is flattened and relaxed, the tip of the tongue forms a narrow flat gap with the entire cutting edge of the upper teeth, loosely pressed against it. A jet of air passes through this gap with force. The tip of the tongue should not protrude far beyond the upper teeth or be pressed too tightly against the teeth (otherwise it will turn out [ t ]). The teeth should be exposed, especially the lower ones, so that the lower lip does not touch the upper teeth and does not come close to them (otherwise it will turn out [ f ]).

Consonant sound [ð] similar to the previous sound, when pronouncing it, the speech organs occupy the same position, but the sound [ð] is voiced.

Combination of sounds [pl] before a stressed vowel is pronounced together. The sound [ p ] is pronounced so vigorously that the sound [ l ] is partially deafened.

Consonant sound [ k ] pronounced almost the same as the Russian sound [k]. The difference is that the English sound is aspirated and sounds more distinct at the end of a word.

Consonant [g] pronounced almost the same as the Russian sound [g], but less tense, and at the end of the word it is not deafened.

Consonant [ʃ] resembles the Russian sound [sh], but is softer. However, the sound [ʃ] should not be as soft as the Russian sound, denoted by the letter sch.

Consonant [ʒ] differs from the sound [ʃ] only in sonority. The sound [ʒ] differs from the Russian sound [zh] in softness.

Consonant sound [tʃ] resembles the Russian sound [h], but differs from it in that it is pronounced harder.

Consonant [ʤ] pronounced the same as [tʃ], but only loudly, with a voice.

Combination of sounds [ kl ] , as well as the sound combination [ pl ], before the stressed vowel is pronounced together, and the sound [ k ] is pronounced so vigorously that [ l ] is partially stunned.

Consonant [h] absent in Russian. In English, it occurs only before a vowel and sounds like a light, barely audible exhalation. Unlike the Russian sound [x], the English sound [h] is formed without any participation of the language.

Consonant sound [ j ] resembles a Russian sound [th], however, when pronouncing an English sound [j], the middle part of the tongue rises to the sky less than with a Russian sound [th], and therefore, when pronouncing an English sound [j], less noise is heard than when pronouncing a Russian sound [ th].

Consonant [r] similar to Russian [r], but pronounced less sharply and loudly.

Consonant sound [ŋ] . When pronouncing the sonata [ŋ], the back of the tongue closes with the lowered soft palate, and air passes through the nasal cavity. In order to achieve the desired position of the organs of speech, you can inhale through the nose with the mouth wide open, then pronounce the sound [ ŋ ] while exhaling air through the nose.

Combination of sounds [s], [z] with sounds [θ] and [ð] . When pronouncing sound combinations [ s ] or [ z ] with the sound [ θ ] or [ ð ], care must be taken not to allow a vowel overtone or pause between them and at the same time maintain the quality of each sound. If the sound [s] or [z] is before the sound [θ] or [ð], then it is necessary, without finishing pronouncing the first sound, to gradually move the tip of the tongue into the interdental position. If the sound [s] or [z] is after the sound [θ] or [ð], then the tip of the tongue makes a reverse movement.

Sound combinations [aiə] and [auə] . These combinations are compounds of diphthongs [ai] and [au] with a neutral vowel [ə]. However, the middle elements of these sound combinations are never pronounced distinctly. It is necessary to ensure that in the middle of the sound combination [aiə] the sound [j] is not heard, and in the middle of the sound combination [auə] - the sound [w].

Combination of sounds [wə:] . When pronouncing this sound combination, care must be taken not to soften the sound [w] and not to replace the sound [ə:] with Russian sounds [o] or [e].

Combination of sounds [t] and [k] with sound [w] . In order to correctly pronounce the combinations with the sound [tw] and [kw], while pronouncing the sounds [t] and [k], at the same time round the lips to pronounce the sound [w]. After a deaf consonant, the sound [ w ] is muffled (has a deaf beginning).