A manual for learning the Russian language. Independent study of the Russian language

For about two years, a photograph of a question from a Russian language test for migrants, signed by the authors of the posts as “Test. Difficulty level: Absolute hell."

“THE SENTENCE MUST BE ADDED:

________ there is a stall with the inscription “SHAVERMA”.

• (A) In Moscow at the station
• (B) At the station in Moscow
• (B) At the Moscow station
• (D) At the Moskovsky station."

If you follow logic and choose the lesser of four evils, then the most correct answer is (D), since shawarma is mainly called “shawarma” in St. Petersburg, and there is a Moskovsky train station there. It is obvious that the Russian language remains a mystery not only for foreigners, but also for its native speakers.

Therefore, we will not talk about Russian as a foreign language - you are reading this article in Russian, which means you know its basics. The material will be useful to those who have not yet acquired a sense of grammar, are dissatisfied with their vocabulary and panic before an exam like the State Examination, the Unified State Exam or a test at a university. Let's talk about how to quickly learn the rules of the Russian language, remember cases and spelling of new words. We will also give 10 tips that will help you learn easily and enjoy the process.

5 reasons for poor knowledge of Russian

Even in elementary school, we make a lot of mistakes that prevent us from remembering the rules of the Russian language and feeling the correct spelling of most words. Do you know why you so often make 2-3 mistakes in one sentence and don’t notice them? Key reasons:

1. You don't read much.
2. You communicate too often on social networks.
3. You consider the Russian language to be a set of imposed rules.
4. You do not like to write and prefer to communicate orally.
5. You are not interested in history.

“It’s not the one who drinks a lot of beer who will write well, but the one who reads a lot” - this bearded joke deserves to become the main advice for learning the Russian language. Preference should be given to classical or modern literature, without a lot of jargon and borrowing.

As for communication on social networks, much depends on the linguistic quality of the interlocutors’ speech. At a young age, and even in adulthood, most of our opponents in “important negotiations” in the comments are not highly literate. However, we engage in lengthy conversations and misspelled words become imprinted in our memory.

Lack of interest in the Russian language and a sincere lack of understanding of why “zhi” and “shi” need to be written with the letter “i” is another reason for low literacy. You must understand that grammar helps you find out the truth, immerses you in a huge cultural layer and reveals a lot of interesting things. After all, behind every modern word there is a thousand-year history of its formation.

How to quickly learn the rules of the Russian language

Teachers consider the “Rule of Five Repetitions” to be the most effective method. Its essence is to read and comprehend the rule, and then apply it 5 times in a row. Using this method, it is easy to remember the cases of nouns. Use the table below - read the questions and words from the first column, and then put the proposed nouns in the correct case, repeating the questions each time:

Also look for ways to make your life easier when remembering any rule. So, in the case of cases, it is worth asking complete questions: for example, for the genitive, the construction “is missing (who? what?) an apple, a girl, a dog, the sun” is suitable; for the dative, “I trust (who? what?) an apple, a girl, a dog, the sun " and so on. It may be strange to trust apples, but this circumstance will definitely help to put the word in the correct case.

As for exception words, they are easiest to remember using mnemonics or frequent visual contact. Mnemonics involves searching for associations - remember how children are taught to memorize words with the letter “Y” after “C”, using a short story: “A gypsy tiptoed to a chicken: “Tsyts!” Or a mnemonic rule for older children that explains the difference between the words “put on” and “dress”:

Nadyusha and I went to the shower,
Suddenly Nadya’s husband showed up.
Should I put on clothes?
Should I dress Nadezhda?

The eye contact method involves the active use of stickers. It is especially effective in situations where you prepare yourself. It is necessary to write down diagrams of rules, exception words and fragments of tables on them, and then stick pieces of paper with valuable data on the wallpaper in front of your desktop, on the top of the monitor, on the refrigerator and on the surface of any other objects with which you often meet your eyes. When preparing for an exam, as well as when actively studying, use your knowledge in practice as often as possible - take tests, do exercises. Remember that our brain quickly forgets information that it does not use.

We have collected recommendations from teachers and linguists that will simplify the process of “memorizing” the rules and help enrich your vocabulary. Try using them as you study to understand how to quickly learn Russian and start enjoying learning it.

Read more

Make it a habit to read more often what you like. These don’t have to be classic books – even posts from public pages on social networks will be enough. The main thing is that the texts in them are written correctly and using a wide range of vocabulary.

Create language images

When you read, you remember the spelling of words. But only if you pay attention to them. Develop in yourself what is called “innate literacy.” See a word that would be spelled differently? Remember it and never write “pretty” with an “o” or “girl” with an “e” again.

Be interested in history

Do you know the history of the word "educated"? But there is an interesting theory that it comes from the word “image”, that is, an educated person becomes almost like God. And there are thousands of such interesting stories - just find them.

Learn to see the structure of a word

Break words into morphemes - highlight roots, prefixes, suffixes and endings, select words with the same root. This will help you see “problem” areas and work on mistakes.

Use mnemonics

Mnemonics involves searching for associations. Can't remember the rule for spelling a word? Select an association, find mnemonic markers. You can even use ones that seem crazy or strange.

Communicate more often with competent people

Communicate more in writing and try to choose literate people as interlocutors. This doesn't mean you should distance yourself from your friends. Just engage in dialogues more often with those who write competently and have a large vocabulary.

Use educational apps

Install educational applications on your smartphone like “Word of the Day”, “Excellence in Russian” or “Language Glossary”. Open them as often as possible during your free time - for example, during a lunch break or on public transport.

Hunt for unfamiliar words

When reading or surfing the Internet, try to consciously look for unfamiliar words and words whose spelling you are unsure of.

Make fun of mistakes

Add to the memory of emotions: write the word incorrectly and look at it. Sincerely hate the mistake and ask yourself a rhetorical question: “Well, how can you write like that?” Then write the word correctly and appreciate the beauty of its correct form.

Create your dictionary

Put together words that you often have trouble spelling. Take a notepad or notebook, write them and their word forms there. Refer to your dictionary as often as possible and remind yourself to spell problem words correctly.

Summary

How to learn Russian quickly, easily and independently? Fall in love with the process of learning it. Try to read as much as possible, analyze and repeat rules, use mnemonics and create images of words. Give preference in written communication to competent people who have something to learn from. Create your own dictionary of “problem” words and refer to it often. Don’t forget to put your knowledge into practice - regularly test yourself for literacy using tests.

Evgenia Melnikova

Editor of the Info-Profi portal, teacher with 16 years of experience, practicing tutor.

Platforms: web.

If you are in doubt about how to write a particular word, you can always check it on the old and respected portal “Gramota.ru”. To do this, the site has a search form for web dictionaries. In addition, “Gramota.ru” offers visitors a text course “Online Tutor” with spelling and punctuation rules, as well as interactive dictations and other tasks to consolidate the material covered.

2. Tongue glasarium

Platforms: iOS.

This program, in the creation of which teachers from St. Petersburg State University participated, is an original collection of short articles about the history, syntax, phonetics, stylistics and other sections of the Russian language.

Due to the hyperlinks that connect the texts, the application resembles Wikipedia. After launch, the wonderful design catches your eye: for such programs it looks very unusual.

3. True words

Platforms: web.

Children's interactive Russian language textbook. Accessible and fun materials from this resource, written by professional teachers, will help your child fill in the knowledge gaps in the school curriculum.

The site uses game mechanics and bright design to involve the child in the educational process and teach him to write without mistakes. The system evaluates students using tests and provides parents with statistics on progress. The site is paid, but trial lessons are freely available.

4. Russian language is literate

Platforms: Android, iOS.

This program contains more than 16,000 test tasks in spelling, punctuation and other areas of linguistics. According to the developer, Russian language experts took part in drawing up the questions. When faced with a difficult test, you can request help - the program will display the theory section associated with the question.

5. Spelling

Platforms: web.

"Spelling" allows you to improve your command of the Russian language in practice. If you have to write a lot of texts, then you can check them in this service. The system analyzes what is written taking into account numerous language norms, indicates errors and displays the rules associated with them. The service operates on a paid subscription basis, but the cost of the tariffs is unlikely to scare away an interested user.

6. Punctuation

Platforms: iOS.

With this program you can check and, if necessary, improve your punctuation knowledge. It works like this: they show you sentences from famous books, and you add punctuation marks. The system evaluates the result and comments.

Only 20 proposals can be processed for free, another 200 are available for a symbolic price.

7. Interactive dictation

Platforms: web.

Dictations based on the works of outstanding Russian writers appear on this resource of the City Methodological Center of the Moscow Department of Education. Each text has gaps - you need to insert the missing characters, choosing them from the options provided. Upon completion, the system counts the number of errors made and displays the result.

8. Spelling

Platforms: Android, iOS.

“Spelling” is a program from the developer of the already mentioned “Punctuation”. The applications are very similar, but if the previous one was devoted to punctuation marks, then this helps improve your spelling skills.

The system shows sentences with missing letters. You fill in the blanks, and the app points out your mistakes and provides spelling rules associated with them.

25 offers are available to every user for free. A few hundred more can be purchased for a small amount.

9. Word of the day

Platforms: Android, iOS.

This simple program introduces the user to rare words of the Russian language. Once a day, she sends a notification about the next such word, explains its meaning and often gives an example of its use. A month or two will pass, and you will replenish your funds unnoticed.

10. Write more vividly!

Platforms: web.

On this site you will find a small online course designed to combat cliches, cumbersome speech patterns, and others. The material is not only stylishly designed, but also beautifully written. So, in addition to the benefits, you will probably also get aesthetic pleasure. The content was created by editor Timur Anikin in collaboration with art director Alexey Shepelin.

If you like it, you can sign up for an extended paid version of the course with a teacher.

11. Education in Russian

Platforms: web.

On the website of the Education in Russian project, interactive courses of varying complexity are available: from elementary to advanced levels. First of all, the material is designed for everyone who studies Russian as a foreign language. But the content will also be useful to native speakers who want to refresh or deepen their knowledge of their native grammar and vocabulary. The project belongs to the State Institute named after. A. S. Pushkin.

Knowledge and skills

Learn Russian grammar.

I write with mistakes. And this worries me. I started studying Russian language textbooks many times, but abandoned and forgot all the rules I had learned.

For this goal, I will pay attention to grammar and punctuation; I will take on stylistics after completing this goal.

Lesson format:

On Monday, repeat all the material from the previous week. (1 exercise for each rule without repetition + work on mistakes. (Checking completed exercises)

Repetition of the previous lesson. (1-2 exercises)

Learning a new rule

Completion Criteria

Write a complex dictation without errors.

1. First lesson

   I will teach the first lesson on November 27, 2014. In the morning. The lesson will be decisive. I will understand how much time I will have to devote to studying grammar.

2. Choose a textbook that I will use

   Choose 1-2 textbooks that will be convenient for me to study.

   Determine the time it will take me to study the textbook.

   Keep a notebook for notes

   Keep a notebook for exercises

   Keep a notebook for writing down vocabulary words

3. Divide the training program into stages (weekly)

   I will study from Monday to Friday. Saturday and Sunday are days off.

   On Monday, repeat all the material from the previous week. (1 exercise for each rule without repetition + work on mistakes.

   Lessons from Tuesday to Friday are structured as follows:

   Repetition of the previous lesson, checking exercises from the previous lesson and working on mistakes. Because I check myself using the Internet, this will greatly facilitate the assimilation of the material. And of course, before I go online, I will explain to myself why I chose this particular spelling option.

   Learning a new rule

   Reinforcing a new rule (1-2 exercises)

   And good luck to me.

4. Week 1. from 12/1/2014 - 12/5/2014 Let's remember the basics.

   12/1/2014 - Parts of speech. noun, adjective, verb, participle, gerund.

   12/2/2014 - Parts of speech. adverb, preposition, postposition, particle, numeral, etc.

   12/3/2014 Case, declensions, tenses (well, let it be?)

   12/4/2014 Prefix, suffix, ending, root.

   5.12. 2014 - still free

5. Week 2. 12/8/2014 - 12/13/2014 Vowels

   12/8/2014 Repetition of week 1. (Checking exercises)

   12/9/2014 Unstressed vowels at the root of a word

   10.12 Unchecked unstressed vowels

   11.12 Alternation of vowels in the root

   12.12 Vowels о-е(е) after sibilant consonants

   13.12. Vowels after the letter c

6. Week 3. 12/15/2014 - 12/20/2014 Vowels and consonants

   15.12 - Review of week 1. (Checking exercises)

   16.12 - Letter e

   17.12 - Letters th -i

   18.12 Spelling of consonants: Voiced and voiceless consonants

   19.12 Unpronounceable consonants

Language is a means of communication. Language allows people to understand each other. At the same time, language can be a serious barrier to understanding, since there are thousands of different languages ​​on our planet.

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How do we talk? There are so many turns and sayings in our speech. Our language is very emotional and beautiful. How do foreigners learn Russian? There are things that cannot be explained. Only a Russian understands such expressions: “Hold your tail with a pistol”, “Hands on your feet and forward”, “Horror, how good”, “Threw away the hooves”, “Hack on the nose”, “It’s deeply violet for me”, “The tongue doesn’t bind.” , "And the trace disappeared"...

And the most interesting inscription on the bus: “Everyone is a rabbit and a goat!”

It is very difficult to translate for foreigners.

An American, a Russian and a Georgian met. The conversation turned to women.
American says:
- I had as many women as there were leaves on the tree.
Russian:
- And I have how many stars there are in the sky.
Georgian:
- Do you know semolina? Seven bags!

My husband is Austrian, and is slowly picking up various words in the great and mighty.
And then one day, at the beginning of our marriage, I called my mother. I’m chatting, asking how things are, my husband hangs around and says hi. The mother-in-law passes the word back and asks what Russian he has already learned.
I hand the phone to my husband and say: “Say something in Russian.”
The husband picks up the phone and says: - He will vaccinate...
Then a second pause and then: - Ass...
Mom didn't say anything...

Foreigners don’t understand why we say “come on” instead of “bye.”

14 RUSSIAN WORDS THAT FOREIGNERS LEARN FIRST

Damn, of course you can, beer,
okay, where, what, it’s beautiful,
milk, hangover, change,
ok girl, good luck.

In the Moscow metro, at the exit from the escalator at Arbatskaya station, a lost foreigner approaches a Russian guy for help. The following is a story from the perspective of the main character.

Excuse me, is it Arbatskaya station? (Excuse me, is this Arbatskaya station?)
-Which one of them? (Which one?)

What do you mean? (What do you have in mind?)
- There are two stations with the same name on different lines. (There are two stations with the same name, which are on different lines.)

Fuck! (Untranslatable play on words.)

The puzzled foreigner is intensely poking at something on his phone.

The blue line! (Blue line!)
- They are both on blue lines, one is pure blue, another is light blue. (They are both on the blue lines, one on the dark blue, the other on the light blue.)

What?! Are you kidding?! You have two fucking stations with two similar names on two goddamn blue lines?! (What? Are you kidding me?! You have two fucking stations with the same name on two damn blue lines?)
- In fact yes. (In general, yes.)

How should one get the difference?! (How do you differentiate between them?)
- You should feel it. (At the level of sensations.)

Then, of course, I helped the foreigner. And he summed it up in parting.

- It's all insane. Obama will never win! (You're all crazy. Obama will never defeat you!)

Russian language lesson.

It so happened that my husband is a foreigner and does not speak Russian: we communicate with him in English. He sometimes tries to learn Russian, every time he overcomes the horror of its incomprehensibility. The great and powerful, however, does not think of giving up and is building more and more intrigues.
We (the husband, I mean) mastered counting: “one, two, three, four...”, etc. And he decided to practice. Just a convenient place turned up: a store.
I took a box of half a dozen eggs and began to fill it. He, seeing this, joyfully reports:
- One egg!
I gently correct:
- One thing! (he already knows about the neuter gender)
He repeats obediently:
- One egg! Two eggs!
I speak:
- Two eggs. And also three and four - eggs. That's how it happened. The rule is this.
He is able to assimilate and process new information instantly, so he clearly repeats:
- One egg, two eggs, three eggs, four eggs...
I see that I need to intervene again, I immediately warn you:
- And five are eggs! and six - eggs!
There followed a pained, I-believe-this-is-and-you-aren’t-kidding sigh.
However, the box is already full! You don't have to count any further! He takes it, shows it to me and concludes:
- These are eggs!
I:
- These are Eggs...

Phrases from foreigners working in Russian companies:

No need to play the fool

No need to pull the rubber band

Don't pump barrels at me

I don't want to get you lost

I'm sitting on a powder keg

Hammer two eggs

Sorry, I can’t talk, we have a zoo today (parking)

Dear, congratulations on the birth of your son.

My hair is standing on end

I heard with my outer ear

Listen, what a contract! they should kiss our butts

Everything they put in came out in a flash

Just let's make sure it's not a double-edged sword.

Horrible, total hassle

Question for a clue

Let's go separately - fly-fly/cutlet-cutlet

I'm like a collapsed bear, like on a blue candy

You're like a cat that paws at milk

Baby, a big mosquito bit you and you have a huge hill

I'll go in shorts and black ankle boots

This means - you move mountains, my Magomedka

I'm on the thinnest hair of death

I don't want to register in Chukotka

I don't want to start sounding the alarm

He knows everyone there - he is Vasya-Vasya there

Said A, let's do B

Tell me, will this be a “pure” tender or some kind of fraud?

I need roses like tulips

Everything here will be closed with a copper basin

Darling, I can drop you off anywhere

The worst thing now is to fall into self-destruction (start to feel sorry for yourself)

I'm standing in front of a fork in the road and don't know where to go.

You know, don’t treat me like a fool, I understand all this too.

It’s strange, today it’s very quiet, it’s painful.

She gave birth to a girl yesterday

I can't keep up because I have two ears and one mouth

You are my shower employee

I've been rushing around to meetings all day today.

If so, then I will raise the question with cancer.

Finish the letter - with respect, always with you

Listen, I get along faster with you than with my girlfriend.

I'm in a big butt and I don't see the end of the big point

This is true! This is true! Black or white, but that's how it is!

Oh, hello, glad to hear from you, sly, I just got back from the toilet, there’s still water on my hand

Write! Thank you and we have the honor to enter the world of your vision

What is a soap hut? (with cute paradise and in a hut)

Please call them and tell them I'll be late at 15 dash 16 minutes

I'm sitting here alone, without a friend, like an old grandfather abandoned at a dance

Write: we are sitting on our toes and asking for your help

There is my furniture and all sorts of ACCESSORIES

I’m writing them a wish letter right now. (letter stating that we are interested in purchasing

I don't want to entertain any evil thoughts

You are a business cucumber

What's in my mouth? Listen, I have so many of them there that I can’t even talk about them!

The last laugh will be ours

You keep your ears open in Odessa

All my friends got MBA education and express themselves in words

optimization, modernization, and I’m still b..., m-k, p-r

Did you take things from the refrigerator?

I'm developing indifference at a rapid pace

Question on the forum: How to teach a foreigner the sound “Y”?
I was pleased with the answer: One, but strong blow to the solar plexus.

In an effort to master fashionable and prestigious languages ​​- English, German, Chinese - modern young people pay less and less attention. Some do not consider this necessary, others rely on text editors, and there are those who are sure that for current activities it is quite A school course is enough.

However, employers pay attention to the literacy of documents compiled, so for many people it is important to independently study the Russian language. But is it possible to achieve the desired result without a tutor?

Here are some tips from teachers:

Start with grammar. Few people have the innate ability to “feel” language. To maneuver freely among the vast majority of rules, it is enough to master textbooks for grades 5-10. It’s even easier if you had good grades in school. In this case, diagrams and humorous pictures-rules, of which there are plenty on the Internet, will help you “get back into shape.”

Try to use text editors as little as possible. Firstly, they are often wrong, and secondly, they reduce your self-confidence.

Don't relax. Studying the Russian language on your own requires constant work on yourself, so even when chatting with friends you need to pay attention to spelling and punctuation.

Work on your pronunciation. Incorrect emphasis in words such as “cakes” and “call” during communication will reveal your gaps in education.

Read the classics. This is how you visually remember how certain words are written. At the same time, your choice is huge. An excellent alternative to Dostoevsky’s “boring reading” will be the works of foreign authors translated into Russian. However, before reading, you should ask for reviews about the quality of the translation.

And one more piece of advice. To improve your pronunciation, repeat after the announcers of news programs or programs on cultural channels. This is where you have the best chance of “absorbing” the thoroughbred sound. And if you want to learn with us, welcome! The site has a lot of interesting material for

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See also:

The most necessary from the theory:

We suggest taking tests online:

“Where has ours been missing!” I thought and set about studying my husband’s native language, which resulted in two years of attending special classes for foreigners coming to live in Catalonia. I communicated with my husband and his family in Spanish, we understood each other perfectly (later I even began to understand Catalan, my husband’s relatives communicate with each other only in this language, for me they switch to Spanish, but sometimes they get carried away with Catalan and before my husband had to translate for me ), my husband could only communicate with my relatives using his fingers and some English words. “It’s a mess,” I thought, “where is the justice?”

So, it was decided to start teaching my husband the great and mighty Russian language and at the same time fulfill my childhood girlish ambitions of becoming a teacher. I took the issue seriously, sifted through a bunch of information on the topic that I could find on the Internet, bought a special textbook, and we got down to business. And we immediately discovered that the Russian language is very difficult to teach to a foreigner, especially since in my case my ideas about teaching consisted of writing “twos” in a diary in calligraphic handwriting (like Marya Vasilyevna, the Russian teacher at my school, for some reason I I always wanted to give exactly “twos”, well, “threes” - maximum!)

Over the course of six months of classes twice a week for an hour, we learned the basic verbs like “want”, “go”, “eat”, etc., learned how to conjugate them (I’m especially proud of this achievement!), learned to read, really , the letters “ш”, “з” and “ы” are still difficult for my husband, we were wildly tired of these same classes twice a week for an hour and decided that the academic path was not for us. Therefore, “the concept has changed” (c), we switched to the practical path.

Since then, on all our car trips, instead of the radio, CDs with Russian pop music were turned on. Why with pop music? Yes, because, as a rule, the lyrics in such songs are simple and uncomplicated, they are easy to remember, and the same words are repeated in this case with pleasing frequency. Very soon the first results appeared: the husband began to sing along with the performers, although not yet understanding what exactly he was singing. Gradually, understanding and awareness came, and my trips turned into hell! They constantly tugged me and found out: what does it mean “I won’t give it to anyone”, “let me go”, “my only one”? Why is it sung here “you love” and not “loves”? How would it be the same thing, only in the feminine gender? And in men's? What about on average? Oh, on average people don’t sing to themselves? And if they sang, what would it be like? To my requests to “leave me a little alone today,” I received: “What are you doing? Would you like to help me learn Russian??” Yes I want, I want!

The reward for my suffering was my husband’s solemn performance of the chorus of Valeria’s song “The Clock” on New Year’s Eve in Moscow for my parents:

Call me your girl,
And then hug, and then deceive,
And the little clock laughs: tick-tock,
Don't regret anything and love for nothing.

Stormy applause. But that was later. In the meantime, we continued to study. I simply told my husband about myself and very soon he began to report to my Russian friends and acquaintances: “Katya is beautiful, kind, smart, slim, good” - and the list goes on. Very quickly (probably from my frequent checks - didn’t I forget, it took an hour!) I also learned the words: goddess, queen, princess, darling, beloved. Then we began to introduce the superlative form of adjectives: the most beautiful, the kindest, and read above.

It must be said that by that time, the husband had already mastered the genders of nouns and adjectives and verb conjugations very well. There were more problems with cases. It was very difficult for the Spaniard, like, I think, for any other European, to understand why it is possible to say “coffee with sugar”, but not “coffee without sugar”. One friend once told me that her husband, who was also studying Russian, could not get used to our cases for quite a long time and went “for a walk with the dog.” But this is all nonsense! In fact, whether your husband says “no sugar” or “no sugar” - you will still understand him!

It is much easier for Russians to learn Spanish than for Spaniards to learn Russian, I realized that you don’t need to strive to teach him to speak correctly, you just need to teach him to speak. The grammar of the Russian language is very complex, and if you strive for the absolutely correct use of its rules in colloquial speech, everything will stall, and your husband, frightened by the difficulties and lack of results, will change his mind about studying the language at all. So for breakfast we drank tea “without sugar” and continued to learn the language.

By the way, now my husband understands cases better, at least “with butter” - “without butter” - this bounces off our teeth. In the process of continuing the study, another side effect was discovered: when we came to Moscow to visit our parents and went for a walk, my husband, with the spontaneity of a child, walking next to me on the street, loudly read all the signs, tablets and inscriptions that came across him on the way. And he inquired whether he had read and pronounced the sounds correctly. He especially liked to “read” the map of metro stations in the carriage. The metro, by the way, is a very fun place; we often rode it from one end of Moscow to the other, and my husband learned the names of almost all the stations along our route. And not just station names. He still really likes to scare me, telling me in a sepulchral voice for no apparent reason: “Be careful. Doors are closing. The next station...” whatever comes to mind. This is also our most “ancient” pearl, along with the “Watch”.

Now I want to make a lyrical digression. There is some joke, the meaning of which I don’t remember, but there was this idea: if you buy a parrot that lived in someone’s family, then you can form an opinion about this family. Naturally, we are talking about a talking parrot. Why am I saying this? And to the fact that, to my shame, I must admit that I very quickly taught my husband many swear words that I knew. It's really fun to hear him say them in his childish accent (by the way, I still can't understand why he sounds absolutely like a child learning to speak??), without having a particularly clear idea of ​​their meaning. It was fun and funny exactly until the moment when the well-known Russian curse words were solemnly pronounced by my husband in the presence of my parents. Thank you for not being in front of your grandparents. Of course, in response to the question “Who taught him this?” I had to roll my eyes and say, “Oh, my God, really, who?”

But I made a conclusion for the future. Although it was late. Because my dad decided that my son-in-law already speaks Russian quite well so that he could start helping him take it to the next level. In my dad’s understanding, “another level” meant teaching my husband all sorts of “manly” words. Thus, in the vocabulary of my beloved, the word “leave me alone” and the word “jeeeeeeenschina” appeared, pronounced necessarily in a dismissive tone with an accompanying roll of the eyes under the forehead. As was written above, the letter “sch” is still difficult for us, so in fact, it sounds like this: “jeeeeeensins,” but it’s still offensive. The apotheosis was when my husband became acquainted with the classics of Russian literature and cinema, namely, with a quote from the book and, accordingly, the film “Heart of a Dog”: “Get off, you nit!” It is not difficult to guess that in this case my dad was also the teacher. My husband sings this phrase as an encore with special pleasure. "Geeeeensins" are outraged.

One fine day, the moment finally came when my husband felt the strength to communicate directly with my relatives and friends. Surprisingly (though why is it surprising, we tried so hard!), but they understood him, and he understood. True, at first the problem arose of people not realizing that in front of them was not a Russian person, but a foreigner trying to speak Russian. They spoke to him absolutely the same as to any other Russian person. For example, my grandmother. To my husband’s joyful question: “How are you?”, the answer was: “Well... my lower back is aching, the weather is not clearing up, but how are you?” The husband did not understand anything. I had to explain to my grandmother that I had to say the same thing, but clearly and clearly: “My back hurts, the weather is bad, how are you?” When people grasp this idea, things go much better. It is very important to keep in mind that they will have to help the person (my husband) understand themselves (grandmother and everyone else).

Over time, my husband got used to the verb “to live” and often “complains” about me on the phone to my mother: “Do you see how I’m doing?” I learned some of our phraseological phrases like “like clockwork” and uses them with or without reason. "Do you want to eat?" - “Like clockwork!” Very believably he sighs from time to time: “Gosss...”, sometimes he is indignant: “Yoklmn!” The most important thing is that he can communicate with our Russian relatives and friends, even over the phone, this is especially important and valuable in the case when people do not speak English.

My husband even downloaded it from the Internet and read Chekhov’s stories! I would like, of course, not to add anything more to this, but I’ll add it anyway: not in Russian, but in Spanish. I made an attempt to read “War and Peace” in the same Spanish. Yeah, of course, I didn’t master it entirely in due time. But together we watched my dearly beloved film “Girls” and the cartoon “Hedgehog in the Fog.” Of course, I had to help with the translation, but only help, and not translate everything!

Now my husband speaks Russian quite confidently, notice that I said “confidently” and not “good”. And I'm glad about it. I am happy when we talk to someone in Russian in the presence of my husband, I try to translate to him what we are talking about, and he says: “No need, I understand!” - as in “Juno and Avos,” a play, the recording of which, by the way, we also watched together. I’m happy when he snatches the phone from me when I’m talking with my parents and says to my mother: “Mother-in-law, mother-in-law, do you see how I’m doing??” I even rejoice when he once again quotes “Heart of a Dog” to me! Although I swear a lot.

Now at home I never speak in Spanish those words or phrases that I know for sure that he can understand in Russian. In everyday life, kitchen and culinary topics, Russian even prevails over Spanish. I can proudly say that my husband and I speak Spanish and RUSSIAN. This is true! He recently changed jobs, sent out his resume, and I was surprised to find that in the “Language knowledge” column he wrote: Russian – entry level. Perhaps it's time for us to move to the advanced level?
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Teaching Russian to foreigners is a complex, labor-intensive, multi-stage process that requires broad knowledge in the linguistic and linguocultural fields.

You will need

Foreigner;
- philological education;
- knowledge of a foreign language;
- extensive knowledge in the field of methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language.

Sponsor of the placement P&G Articles on the topic "How to teach Russian to a foreigner" How to teach Russian to foreigners How to teach Russian to foreigners Why you need to learn Russian

Instructions

Teaching Russian as a foreign language is now experiencing a rebirth. The grammatical approach, which has dominated for many decades, is giving way to a comprehensive teaching method. An integrated approach is more adapted to non-standard speech situations. A foreigner trained by this method will easily find something to answer, because he is accustomed to independently formulate his thoughts (clichéd phrases are used minimally in this approach).

The advantage of an integrated approach is that speech recognition in this case occurs faster due to the fact that a person, by training his speech apparatus in large quantities, hears and, as it were, feels the spoken word himself, and therefore has a greater chance of translating it correctly. His own conversational practice also plays a big role here - perhaps he himself uses the structures he hears and easily recognizes them.

To teach Russian to a foreigner using a comprehensive teaching method, pay attention to the typical difficulties. First of all, these are difficulties in interpreting the meaning of a word caused by polysemy and homonymy. Spend enough time on this aspect and explain each difficult case to your students.

There are also difficulties in recognizing words by sound - this is the presence of words that differ only in one sound ([sabor] - [fence]). A foreigner does not immediately perceive this difference by ear.

The greatest difficulties for students of the Russian language arise in writing. A foreigner will not immediately be able to explain the principle of checking unstressed vowels in the root of a word (many languages ​​do not have this phenomenon, and it is extremely difficult for students to recognize and check this type of spelling). The system of case endings and its connection with the three declensions in the Russian language is the most difficult grammatical complex to master.

A foreigner studying Russian needs to master a huge amount of theoretical and practical material. But if you constantly dictate and encourage memorization of rules, vocabulary, and syntactic structures, then the student will have difficulties in the communicative sphere.

If you really want your student to have an excellent command of the Russian language, then when teaching, use the following scheme: “Identification of a pattern” - “Formulation of a rule” - “Deepening into the theory” (depending on the level of training, visual aids may be used).

Example:
Topic: Third declension nouns.
Stage 1.
The words are given: night, daughter, speech, flog, game, oven...
Question: what part of speech are the given words?
Student Answer: They answer the question "who? what?" and are nouns.
Question: What gender are these nouns?
Answer: Female.
Question: What do these nouns end in?
Answer: On “b”.

Stage 2.
Therefore, third declension nouns are feminine nouns ending in a soft sign.

Stage 3.
It should be noted that the soft sign at the end is written only for nouns of the third declension, and for nouns in the plural, R.p., for example, “clouds”, “tasks”, the soft sign is not written.

How simple