The message is the world of antiquity, far and near. Presentation on the topic "The world of antiquity: distant and near"

Lesson type: combined

Target

the formation of a holistic picture of the world and awareness of man’s place in it based on the unity of rational-scientific knowledge and the child’s emotional and value-based understanding of his personal experience of communicating with people and nature;

Characteristics of student activities

Understand educational objectives of the lesson, strive to fulfill them.

Define according to the “timeline”, the duration of the history of the Ancient World. Find location of ancient states on the map. Extract information from the textbook, analyze illustrations, prepare messages and present them to the class. Generalize information about ancient states, their culture, religions, to identify commonalities and differences. Understand the role of the emergence and development of writing in ancient times for the development of humanity, make up alphabets of antiquity. Understand the role of archaeological finds for studying the history of ancient states. Work with a terminological dictionary. Formulate conclusions from the studied material, reply to final questions and evaluate achievements in the lesson

Planned results

Subject

Know history of the ancient world, concepts - Ancient world,

hieroglyphs, pyramids.

Be able to extract information from the textbook, analyze illustrations, prepare messages and present them in front of the class. Summarize information about ancient states, their culture, religions, identify commonalities and differences.

Metasubject (Regulatory. Cognitive. Communicative)

P. - search for the necessary information to complete educational tasks using various sources.

Consciously and voluntarily construct messages verbally.

R. - take into account the action guidelines identified by the teacher in the new educational material in collaboration with the teacher.

Learn to express your assumptions.

K. - ask questions, seek help.

Personal results

A broad motivational basis for educational activities, including social, educational, cognitive and external motives.

Basic concepts and definitions

history of the ancient world, concepts - Ancient world, hieroglyphs, pyramids

Preparing to learn new material

We will learn about some ancient states, cities, and buildings. We understand the significance of the invention of writing. Let's compare sources on the history of primitiveness and the history of the Ancient World.

Remember what you know about the pyramids of Ancient Egypt. What was the number of years used by the ancient Egyptians and the ancient Romans?

Learning new material

The world of antiquity: FAR AND NEAR

Choose one of the ancient states to study. Get to know him through the textbook. You will complete the tasks in your workbook. Present the results of your work to the class.

ANCIENT EGYPT

About 5 thousand years ago, the Egyptian kingdom arose on the banks of the Nile. Egypt was called the "gift of the Nile." During the flood, the river overflowed its banks and irrigated the fields of farmers. Therefore, abundant harvests were collected in the Nile Valley.

The ancient Egyptians believed that the world was ruled by gods (1). Many of the Egyptian gods looked like animals. The sun god Ra was depicted as a man with the head of a bird. The god of water and the flood of the Nile, Sebek, was represented as a man with the head of a crocodile. The god Thoth was the god of wisdom, calculation and writing. Thoth was usually depicted as a man with the head of an ibis bird. The Egyptians believed that the god Thoth invented months and years and taught people to keep track of time. Thoth's miraculous gifts also included arithmetic calculations and writing.

The Egyptians considered many animals sacred. They revered the lion, bull, dog, cat, kite, falcon, ibis, crocodile, cobra, scorpion, scarab beetle.

The Egyptians wrote with special characters - hieroglyphs (2). In one case, the hieroglyph could depict and mean some object. For example, 0 is the sun, ^- is a star, I I is a house.

But in another case, the same hieroglyph could serve to designate one or more consonant sounds. There were no signs for vowel sounds in Egyptian writing. Not everyone could learn such writing. The Egyptians treated those who mastered literacy with respect.

Ancient Egyptian temples

The ancient Egyptians knew how to build grandiose buildings - temples and pyramids. Temples were considered the dwellings of the gods, and the pyramids, as you already know, were the tombs of the kings of Egypt - the pharaohs.

ANCIENT GREECE

Much later than Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome arose. At that time, cities appeared that even today cannot leave anyone indifferent - Athens and Rome!

For many centuries, the heart of Athens has been Akrbpolis. This is the name of a unique architectural ensemble located on a high hill with steep slopes - a beautiful creation of the ancient Greeks. The Acropolis could be admired from all parts of the city and from the sea. And today it is one of the highest points of modern Athens.

Time and people have not been kind to the temples of the Acropolis, including the most famous - the Parthenon. Once upon a time, inside the temple there was a marble statue of the goddess Athena, the patroness of the city. The Parthenon still makes an amazing impression today. We can admire the light, slender columns that clearly stand out against the sky, see the beautiful city lying at the foot of the hill, the sea and mountains in the distance. And an amazing feeling arises - all this is beauty itself, in which nature and the creation of human hands are inseparable.

Ancient Greece is the birthplace of the Olympic Games. Competitions were held once every four years in the city of Olympia. Athletes from all over Greece attended them. During the Olympics, any military actions were prohibited.

Already in antiquity, a simpler and more convenient writing appeared than the writing of the ancient Egyptians. The inhabitants of Phenicia" came up with an alphabet in which each sign (letter) conveyed a certain consonant sound. Based on Phoenician script The ancient Greeks created their own alphabet. In Greek writing, letters appeared for the first time to represent vowel sounds. The letters of the modern Russian alphabet are derived from ancient Greek letters.

Phenicia -in ancient times a country on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea

ANCIENT ROME

The founding date of the city of Rome is considered to be 753 BC. Over time, the Romans created a powerful state. They conquered vast territories, on which they founded new cities, laid roads, built temples

In the modern city of Rome, many ancient buildings have been preserved that tell us about the past. You already know the Colosseum. Very interesting is the Roman Forum (1), which was the center of public life in the city. Here

there were temples, bank offices, and trading shops. The Pantheon, the temple of all gods, makes a huge impression (2). You can find out what other Roman cities looked like by visiting Pompeii (3). Archaeologists discovered this city, which in ancient times was buried under a thick layer of ash during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.

The history of the Ancient World lasted several thousand years and ended in the 5th century AD.

Let's discuss!

Compare sources on the history of primitiveness and the history of the Ancient World. Which period is more difficult to study? Why?

check yourself

1.What states of the Ancient World do you know? 2. Give examples of famous buildings of the Ancient World. 3. How did they write in Ancient Egypt, Ancient Phenicia, Ancient Greece?

Conclusion

The history of the Ancient World goes back several thousand years. There were many different states back then. Famous buildings tell stories about those times. Writing became a great invention.

Homework assignments

1.Write in the dictionary: The ancient world, hieroglyphs, pyramids.

2. Try to come up with a “business card” of one of the ancient countries.

Presentation The world of antiquity: FAR AND NEAR 4th grade

Developmentalcartoons - AncientEgypt

Let's discuss!

1. Question: compare sources on the history of primitiveness and on the history of the Ancient World. Which period is more difficult to study? Why?

Answer: it is more difficult to study the period of primitive history, because There is very little information about the life of primitive people; there is no common view among scientists about how man lived at the time he was. Conclusions on the period of primitive history are mainly based on hypotheses. The history of the Ancient World is easier to study because the level of development of human society has increased immeasurably, and there remains evidence of the organization of society, both at the social and everyday levels. Writing appeared, after reading and studying which, scientists learn about the life of people in ancient times; buildings, sculptures, paintings, and household items remained. The history of the States appeared.

check yourself

1.Question: what states of the Ancient World do you know?

Answer: Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome.

2. Question: give examples of famous buildings of the Ancient World.

Answer: the pyramids of Cheops in Giza (ancient Egypt), the Lighthouse of Alexandria (ancient Egypt), the Colosseum (another Rome), the Roman Forum (another Rome), the Pantheon (another Rome), the Acropolis of Athens (another Greece), temple Apollo in Delphi (other Greece), Temple of Demeter in Eleusis (other Greece)

3. Question: how did they write in Ancient Egypt, Ancient Phenicia, Ancient Greece?

Answer: The Egyptians wrote with special characters - hieroglyphs. Each hieroglyph could represent an object or several sounds. There were no signs for vowel sounds in Egyptian writing.

The Phoenicians created an alphabet in which each letter conveyed a specific consonant sound.

The ancient Greeks improved the Phoenician alphabet and added signs that represent vowel sounds.

Homework assignments

Task 2. try to come up with a “business card” of one of the ancient countries.

Answer: the Parthenon in the Acropolis of Athens could rightfully be considered the hallmark of Ancient Greece.

Antique monument Parthenon in the Acropolis of Athens (Greece)

The Parthenon, dedicated to the goddess Athena-Parthenos (Virgin), was built as part of the Pericles program. The temple was intended as a new sanctuary for Athena. Inside, the temple was divided into two unequal parts. In the main, eastern one, there was the famous statue of Athena, made of gold and ivory. Precious stones were inserted into the eye sockets of the statue, and on the chest in the center of the shell was the deadly head of the Gorgon Medusa, made of ivory. The statue carved by Phidias was installed in the twilight of the hall intended for it - the cella, and it remained there until the 5th century BC.

The Parthenon, like other classical temples, stood on a stylobate, each of the steps of which had a height of 0.55-0.59 meters. But its grandeur does not overwhelm the viewer; this is a feature of Greek architecture, its deep humanism. The Parthenon is a classic example of a Greek temple of the Doric order, but at the same time its architecture is distinguished by a number of unique individual features. The proportions of the columns and entablature, the ratio of the number of columns on the sides of the temple (the number of columns on the longitudinal side is one more than twice the number of columns of the facade, that is, 8 and 17) strictly correspond to the standards developed by classical Greek architecture. Techniques such as slight thickening and inclination of the corner columns towards the center, entasis - swelling of the column trunk, and slight bending of the stylobate step were skillfully used.

All these features were supposed to compensate for errors in visual perception, since absolutely straight lines are perceived at a distance by the human eye as slightly concave. As a result, the Parthenon appears before your eyes as an ideal building with clear, harmonious lines and proportions. The Parthenon looked festive and elegant with its white marble columns and walls, topped with sculptural friezes and pediments, in which polychrome was widely used: the background of the pediments and markers was painted dark red, the frieze - blue. Against this colored background, the figures stood out especially clearly, retaining the color of marble. Their parts were also painted or gilded. The entire sculptural decor of the Parthenon was subordinated to one goal - the glorification of the native city, its gods and heroes, its people.

The temple was decorated with a frieze of fine workmanship. The theme of the frieze is the glorification of the Athenian people on the day of the celebration of the Great Panathenaia. The main, eastern pediment of the Parthenon was decorated with a composition depicting the myth of the birth of the goddess Athena. The western pediment depicts an Attic legend - about the dispute between Athena and Poseidon for power over Attica.

The statue of Athena has not survived to this day, but numerous later copies have survived, including a remarkable Roman copy exhibited in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens. Most of the pediment, central columns and scella were destroyed in 1687, when the Acropolis of Athens was besieged by the Venetians. The best examples of surviving sculptures are now in the British Museum in London - these are the so-called “Elgin Marbles”. Several original sculptures and fragments, along with a model of the temple, can be seen in the Acropolis Museum.

Next lesson

Question: remember which cities and states of Europe you know.

Germany (Berlin, Cologne, Bremen, Dresden, Munich...);

France (Paris, Le Havre, Rouen, Bordeaux, Nice, Toulouse, Lille...);

Austria (Vienna, Salzburg, Graz, Innsbruck...);

Italy (Rome, Milan, Naples, Verona, Venice...);

Netherlands (Amsterdam, The Hague, Gouda);

Belgium (Brussels, Antwerp, Bruges...);

Greece (Athens, Corinth, Kilkis...);

Sweden (Stockholm, Malmo, Gothenburg...);

Norway (Oslo, Stavanger, Lillehammer...);

Denmark (Copenhagen, Preste, Bramming...); and etc.

Preview:

Topic: The world of antiquity: distant and near

Target: introduce students to ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome.

Formed UUD:educational -consciously and voluntarily construct a speech statement in oral and written form;communicative -express your thoughts with sufficient completeness and accuracy in accordance with the tasks and conditions of communication, work in a group; regulatory - formulate educational objectives, determine the sequence of intermediate goals taking into account the result, anticipate the result, evaluate the quality and level of mastery of the material; personal - show a desire to learn more.

Equipment: media projector, textbook, additional literature, crosswords, cards for group work.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment

The cheerful bell rang. Are you ready to start the lesson?

Let's listen, talk,

And help each other.

II. Updating basic knowledge.

Solve the puzzle:

1=T

(Pages of history)

4=P

What does this phrase tell you?

(In the last lesson we began to study the pages of history.)

What eras do scientists divide human history into?

(Primitive history, history of the Ancient world, history of the Middle Ages, history New and Contemporary times)

What is the name of the first and longest era in human history?( Primitive)

When and where did the first people appear?(About 2.5 million years ago in East Africa)

Who was man's greatest helper?(Fire)

How did primitive people live?( Together)

What were the names of these primitive groups?(Human herd)

Name the main activities of primitive people.(Hunting, gathering)

What were the first tools made of?(Stone)

What was the name of the painting that appeared at this time?(rock)

What inventions of primitive people have survived to this day?( Hammer)

The answers appear on the screen. The word ANTIQUE stands out.

III. Setting a learning task.

What word did you get?

What is antiquity?

lat. ant i quitas - antiquity, antiquity;

TO What do you think we will talk about in class today? (We will continue to talk about the ancient world).

Why do you think? (To find out how a person lived, what he did, what discoveries people made).

That's right! Today we will get acquainted with the eras of Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. Let's learn about some of the achievements of people at this time.

IV. Solving a learning problem. Work in groups.

Here are three images. How do you think they can be related to the topic of today's lesson?

Today you have to visit three Ancient States and receive new information. And I hope you can find the answer to my question. I suggest you work as correspondents in groups.

(The class is divided into groups. Each group receives a state to study. Students use the textbook, additional information, cards with questions.)

Your task is to answer the questions and then tell the main thing about the country according to plan. You look for answers in the textbook, on cards, and discuss them in a group. Choose several people from the group who will talk about the country. Determine who in the group will be the time keeper. Remember the rules of working in a group. Operating time - 10 minutes.

Card for work 1

• Ancient Egypt (pp. 8-10)

1. When and where did the Egyptian kingdom appear?

Why was life possible on the banks of the Nile?

2.Who ruled the world, according to the Egyptians? Name the Egyptian gods.

What was the name of the god of wisdom, counting and writing? How was he portrayed? What do the Egyptians consider the gifts of Thoth?

3. How did the Egyptians write?

4. What structures did the Egyptians build and for whom?

Card for work 2

• Ancient Greece (pp. 10-12)

1. Where is Greece? What was its name in ancient times?

Where did the ancient Greek gods live? How were they portrayed? Who was the main god?

2. Which city is the capital of Greece? Why was he called that?

3. What is the heart of Athens? What is the Acropolis?

Name the most famous temple of the Acropolis. What sculpture was in the center of the Parthenon?

4.What were the ancient Greeks interested in? What happened in the city of Olympia?

How did the ancient Greeks change writing?

Card for work 3

• Ancient Rome (p. 12-13)

1. Give the date of the founding of Rome. How, according to legend, did Rome come into being?

2. How did the Romans relax? What is the Colosseum?

3.What is the Roman Forum? What is the Pantheon?

V. Group reports

Our story about one of the most ancient states on earth - Egypt . This ancient state arose on the banks of the Nile River about 5 thousand years ago. Life on the banks of the Nile was possible only because every year it overflowed and overflowed its banks. The coastal land was well saturated with water, and there was a lot of black silt in the water. This silt settled on the yellow sands of the desert, and plants grew well on it - wheat, barley. The word itself Egypt means "black land" " Over thousands of years, thanks to the floods of the Nile, a thick layer of fatty oil formed in Egypt. black soil.

The ancient Egyptians believed that the world was ruled by gods. Supreme God Ra - Sun God, Anubis - deity with headjackal and the human body, the guide of the dead to the afterlife, Amon - the god of air and wind, the harvest, the creator of the world, Sebek - the god of water and the flood of the Nile - a man with the head of a crocodile. Thoth was the god of wisdom, writing and counting. He was depicted with the head of an ibis bird. He invented months and years, taught how to keep track of time, and also gave arithmetic calculations and writing.

An amazing plant grew on the banks of the Nile - papyrus. From its stems people obtained writing material, which was also called papyrus. Not all Egyptians could read and write. People called scribes wrote letters for them. Scribes were highly respected in ancient Egypt. They wrote with special characters - hieroglyphs. The hieroglyph could represent an object or represent several consonant sounds. There were no signs for vowel sounds.

The Egyptians built temples for the gods: complexes in Karnak and Luxor. The gates to the temple were in the form of high walls. Inside the temple there are courtyards with statues of gods.
Egyptian rulers, called pharaohs, were revered as gods. The land of Egypt belonged to them. Pharaoh ordered the construction of a “house of eternity” for himself during his lifetime - a tomb in the form of stone pyramids.

And now the direct inclusion of our freelance correspondents in Egypt. Attention to the screen.WATCHING A CARTOON.

The pyramids of Giza are one of the recognized wonders of the world.

The Pyramid of Cheops is the most famous, largest,its height is 148 meters. Near one of the pyramids there is a statue of a fantastic creature with the body of a lion and the head of a man, carved from the rock - Great Sphinx . This is the guardian of the eternal peace of the pharaohs.

Thanks for the interesting story.

What image is associated with Egypt?

CONCLUSION : The civilization of Ancient Egypt, one of the most ancient, lived for about 3000 years. She left her descendants with architectural monuments, scientific knowledge and much more.

VI. Exercise for the eyes.

Let's relax a little more in Egypt and then continue our journey.

VII.Group reports.

- What will the correspondents from group 2 tell us?

Much later than Ancient Egypt, the civilization of Ancient Greece arose.

Greece is a mountainous country on the Balkan Peninsula. In ancient times, this country was called Hellas, and its inhabitants were called Hellenes. It was here that the sciences and arts known today were born. There is a high mountain in northern Greece Olympus . The ancient Greeks settled their main gods on the top of this mountain. The Greeks depicted their gods as similar to people. Zeus, the god of sky and thunder, was considered the main one among the Greek gods; the god of the sea, Poseidon, and the god of the underworld, Hades, were subordinate to him.

One day the Greeks decided to build a new city, but could not decide what to call it. The gods knew that this city would have a long life, so Athena, the goddess of wisdom and just war, wanted to give the city her name, and Poseidon his. Poseidon hit the rock with his trident - a spring gushed out of the rock. Greece is a hot, mountainous country, and water is very necessary there. The Greeks rushed to the source, and there was sea, salt water. Poseidon's gift turned out to be worthless. Athena struck the ground with her spear and an olive tree grew. The Greeks ate the fruits of this tree - olives - fresh, salted, pickled, and squeezed out oil. Athena's gift was recognized as the best and the city was named in her honor. Athens is still the capital of Greece.

The heart of Athens is the Acropolis - a high hill with beautiful ancient buildings. The temple of the goddess Athena, the Parthenon, was located here. In ancient timesIn the center of the temple stood a 13-meter statue of Athena, made of gold and ivory. The real statue has not survived to this day. But in museums around the world you can see copies recreated according to descriptions.

The Greeks took sports very seriously. Every four years sports festivals were held, called games The most important games were in the city Olympia . This is where they were bornOlympic Games.

The Greeks came up with a simpler and more convenient writing system, and letters for vowel sounds appeared for the first time. Slavic writing was also formed from the Greek alphabet.

What picture is associated with Hellas? Why?

CONCLUSION: Ancient Greece is the basis of European Culture. It was here that poetry, discoveries in medicine, science and technology, theater, and the first schools developed.

We will introduce you to history Ancient Rome.

The Romans come from that part of Europe now called Italy. The founding date of the city of Rome is considered to be 753 BC. The legend tells how this city arose: the king of Long Numitor was overthrown from the throne by his younger brother Amulius and, so that no one would lay claim to the throne, he ordered his son to be killed, and his daughter was made a servant at the temple. Soon she gave birth to two sons - twins. Amulius ordered the execution of the mother, and ordered the twins to be thrown into the Tiber River. The man who carried out the order was too lazy to enter the water and left the basket with the babies on the shore. The children got hungry and cried, the she-wolf heard the cry - she fed them. Later, the brothers were picked up by a shepherd and raised as his own children. When Romulus and Remus, as the shepherd called the boys, grew up, they learned the secret of their birth. They killed Amulius and returned the throne to their grandfather Numitor, and they themselves decided to found a new city. Everyone wanted to call it by their own name. The brothers quarreled, and Romulus killed Remus in anger. And then he founded a city, which he called Rome (in Latin Roma) and became its first king.

The Romans had about 120 national holidays a year. During these days, the Romans visited theaters. The Romans enjoyed great success in chariot racing and gladiator fights, when they fought with each other or with wild animals. The Colosseum, an amphitheater, has survived to this day.(round theater without a roof), one of the largest arenas, an architectural monument of Ancient Rome, the construction of which took 8 years. MThe Colosseum's multiple entrances are located throughout the building, allowing the public to fill the theater in 15 minutes and leave in 5.

Roman forum - a square in the center of Ancient Rome along with adjacent buildings. Temples, bank offices, and trading shops were located here. Here they passed laws, awarded winners, and exchanged money. Here stood imperial palaces with marble statues, pools and frescoes.

Pantheon - “temple of all gods” in Rome. One of the features of the Pantheon is the hole in the roof. At noon, the strongest light column penetrates through it and illuminates the building from the inside.
-How is the image of twins connected with Ancient Rome?

Over time, the Romans created a powerful state.They conquered new cities, laid roads, and built temples.The empire lasted until 476 AD, when the last Roman emperor was overthrown. ( Romulus Augustulus)

VIII. Consolidation of what has been learned.

1. I invite each group to solve a crossword puzzle and repeat what they heard.

Questions for the crossword:

1. King of Egypt.

2. Material for writing in Ancient Egypt.

3. The river on the banks of which the Egyptian state arose.

4. Special characters for writing.

5. Pharaoh's tomb in Ancient Egypt.

6. Capital of Greece.

7. High mountain in northern Greece.

8. Greek god of the sea.

9. The main Greek god.

10. The famous Acropolis Temple.

11. Heart of Athens.

12. An amphitheater in Ancient Rome, which was used for gladiator fights.

13. Capital of Italy.

14. Temple of all gods in Ancient Rome.

15. God of water and the flood of the Nile in Ancient Egypt.

Read what happened? This is the name of Karl Bryullov’s painting depictingan event that occurred in 79, when the flourishing cities of Herculaneum, Pompeii and Stabiae were destroyed as a result of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. Bryullov painted the picture over six years in Italy, after visiting the ruins of Pompeii.

We will also take a trip to this city.(SLIDE SHOW)

Vesuvius - active volcano on South Italy . Over the entire history of its existence, it has had 80 major eruptions. According to geologists, Vesuvius was silent for 15 centuries until the significant date in 79. After this tragedy, the volcano fell silent again for more than 1,500 years. But on August 24, 79 residents of nearby cities were doomed. Hot lava and poisonous gases hit Pompeii at rapid speed. Everything that came in the way instantly burned.

• As archaeologists determined, 54 residents took refuge in the basement of a large wholesale warehouse on the day the death of Pompeii occurred. The shelter was safe. But people did not take into account that the air was filled with gases harmful to breathing. People suffocated with hot air. Death was hastened by dust. It entered the lungs and turned into cement there. Two thousand years later these bodies were found.

Excavations of the city began in the 19th century. During the excavations it became clearthat in the cities everything has been preserved as it was before the eruption. Under multi-meter thicknessashes Streets, houses with complete furnishings, and the remains of people and animals that did not have time to escape were found.Almost the entire population died. This is approximately 16 thousand people. These days, the once beautiful city has been turned into an open-air museum. The ruins look quite peaceful. Vesuvius also looks peaceful. For now the volcano is “sleeping”, and let’s hope that the next activity will not come soon.

VIII. Summing up the lesson

The history of the Ancient World lasted several thousand years and ended in the 5th century AD.

Look at the topic of the lesson and say: why can the world of antiquity be close?(Many buildings and knowledge of antiquity have survived to this day.)

What knowledge have we discovered? (Children's statements.)

IX. Reflection

Homework

1. Page 14 holes to questions 2. RT pp. 5-6 No. 1-5.

Slide 2

• Ancient world
• Middle Ages
• Modern times
• our era
• BC

Remember into which eras scientists divide human history.

• primitive history
• ancient world history
• history of the Middle Ages
• history of modern times
• history of modern times
• New time