Properties of the nervous system strength balance. Balance of nervous processes

"YES" - 3, 4, 7, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 24, 32, 39, 45, 56, 58, 60, 61, 66, 72, 73, 78, 81, 82, 83, 94, 97, 98, 102, 105, 106, 113, 114, 117, 121, 122, 124, 130, 132, 133, 134.

"NO" - 47, 51, 107, 123.

The strength of the braking processes

"YES" - 2, 5, 8, 10, 12, 16, 27, 30, 35, 37, 38, 41, 48, 50, 52, 53, 62, 65, 69, 70, 75, 77, 84, 87, 89, 90, 96, 99, 103, 108, 109, 110, 112, 118, 120, 125, 126, 129.

"NO"- 18, 34, 36, 59, 67, 128.

"YES" - 1, 6, 9, 11, 14, 20, 22, 26, 28, 29, 31, 33, 40, 42, 43, 44, 46, 49, 54, 55, 64, 68, 71, 74, 76, 79, 80, 85, 86, 88, 91, 92, 93, 95, 100, 101, 104, 111, 115, 116, 119, 127, 131.

"NO" - 25, 57, 63.

Strength balance (K) is the ratio of the number of points for the strength of excitation to the number of points for the strength of inhibition.

45 points or less- weakly expressed property or inert processes.

56 points and above are quite pronounced.

0.85 or less- unbalance with the predominance of the braking process.

1.15 and more- imbalance with the predominance of the excitation process.

Interpretation of results

The strength of excitation processes - a property of the nervous system that reflects the limit of the working capacity of brain cells, their ability to withstand very strong or long-acting excitation. This property of the nervous system allows you to maintain a high level of performance in overcoming difficulties, the rapid recovery of good performance, perseverance, perseverance in achieving the goal.

The strength of the braking process- a property of the nervous system that reflects an active nervous process caused by excitation and manifested in the suppression or prevention of another wave of excitation, this property of the nervous system allows you to show restraint in actions, communication, slowness in decision-making, in movements, speech.

Mobility of nervous processes - property of the nervous system, characterized by the rapid change in the processes of excitation and inhibition. This property of the nervous system allows you to quickly respond to everything new in the environment, easily develop life stereotypes, habits, skills, quickly get used to new people and new conditions.

- a property of the nervous system that expresses the relationship between excitation and inhibition, is characterized by restraint in actions, speech, communication, slowness in decision-making, the rapid and durable formation of various skills associated with subtle differentiations and ease of application of volitional efforts, is characterized by deliberation of actions, a slow change in emotional reactions and their restrained expression with the help of pantomime.

Unbalance of nervous processes- is characterized by the predominance of one of the nervous processes, which is expressed in the uneven flow of activity, the presence of "spontaneous" ups and downs in it, incontinence, a manifestation of a tendency to act on the first impulse under the influence of external circumstances or emotions.

3. Methodology for monitoring the properties of the nervous system ☺☺☺

Target - The study of the main properties of the nervous system: the strength of the process of excitation, the strength of the process of inhibition, the mobility and balance of nervous processes, by observing the symptom complex of manifestations of these neurophysiological properties.

Material - protocols and a program for observing the properties of the nervous system.

How to do it - individual.

Progress - It is necessary to choose a subject to perform this task, to monitor him during the performance of various activities. When observing and recording, it is necessary to fix the external manifestations of the studied properties of the nervous system, without substituting the facts for subjective analysis. The record should be detailed, reflect the actions and behavior of the subject, characteristic of the manifestation of the symptom complex of the studied neurophysiological properties. The protocol must reflect not only the behavior of the subject, but also the external causes of his reactions. When drawing up the protocol, it is necessary to follow the proposed monitoring program.

Protocol

observations of the manifestation of the properties of the nervous system:

Date and time of observation _________________________________

Subject (full name, gender, age) ___________________________________

The program of observations of the properties of the nervous system (Symptom complexes of manifestations of the properties of the nervous system cited by A.I. Shebetenko, V.L. Marishchuk and V.M. Rybalkin, A.I. Ilyina, I.M. Paley)

Processing of results - it is necessary to study in detail all protocols of observations and subject them to a comprehensive analysis.

Interpretation of results- after analyzing all the facts recorded in the protocols, one should draw conclusions about the degree of manifestation of the strength of the excitation processes, the strength of the processes of inhibition, the mobility and balance of the nervous processes.

METHODS FOR STUDYING THE PROPERTIES OF THE PSYCHODYNAMIC LEVEL OF INTEGRAL INDIVIDUALITY, THE PRIMARY PROPERTIES OF THE INDIVIDUAL - TEMPERAMENT

1. Methodology for studying the structure of temperament V.M. Rusalova ☺☺

Target - to diagnose the properties of subject-activity and communicative aspects of temperament.

Material - question form.

How to do it -

Progress - The technique allows to make an assessment on 9 scales: temperamental and one control, assessing the level of social desirability of the subject; each temperamental scale contains 12 questions and has a value from 0 to 12 points. Temperamental scales evaluate a person in the subject and social sphere of his activity: ergicity, social ergicity, plasticity, social plasticity, tempo, social tempo, emotionality and social emotionality.

Instruction - You are invited to answer 105 questions requiring an answer in the form: "yes", "no". The questions are aimed at finding out your usual way of behaving. Try to imagine typical situations and give the first natural answer that comes to mind. Answer quickly and accurately. Remember, there are no "good" or "bad" answers. If you have chosen the answer "yes", put a cross in the column "yes", if you have chosen the answer "no", put a cross in the column "no".

Questions

1. Are you an active person?

2. Are you always ready to immediately, without hesitation, join the conversation?

3. Do you prefer the solitude of a large company?

4. Do you feel a constant thirst for activity?

5. Is your speech usually slow and unhurried?

6. Are you a vulnerable person?

7. Do you often find yourself unable to sleep because you argued with your friends?

8. Do you always want to do something in your free time?

9. When talking to other people, do you often get ahead of your thinking?

10. Does the fast speech of the interlocutor annoy you?

11. Did you feel like an unhappy person if you were deprived of the opportunity to communicate with people for a long time?

12. Have you ever been late for a date or work?

13. Do you like to run fast?

14. Do you worry a lot about problems in your work?

15. Is it easy for you to do work that requires long attention and great concentration?

16. Do you find it difficult to speak very quickly?

17. Do you often feel anxious that you didn't do the job right?

18. Do your thoughts often jump from one topic to another during a conversation?

19. Do you like games that require speed and dexterity?

20. Can you easily find other solutions to a known problem?

21. Do you feel anxious about being misunderstood during a conversation?

22. Do you willingly perform complex responsible work?

23. Do you sometimes talk about things you don't understand?

24. Is it easy for you to perceive fast speech?

25. Is it easy for you to do a lot of things at the same time?

26. Do you have conflicts with your friends because you said something to them without thinking in advance?

27. Do you usually prefer to do simple things that do not require a lot of energy from you?

28. Do you get frustrated easily when you find significant shortcomings in your work?

29. Do you like sedentary work?

30. Is it easy for you to communicate with different people?

31. Do you usually prefer to think, weigh and only then speak out?

32. Are all your habits good and desirable?

33. Are your hand movements fast?

34. Do you usually keep quiet and do not make contact when you are in the company of unfamiliar people?

35. Is it easy for you to switch from one solution to a problem to another?

36. Do you sometimes tend to exaggerate in your imagination the negative attitude of close people towards you?

37. Are you a talkative person?

38. Is it usually easy for you to complete a task that requires instant decisions?

39. Do you usually speak fluently without hesitation?

40. Do you have fears that you won't be able to do your job?

41. Are you easily offended when close people point out your personal shortcomings?

42. Do you feel cravings for strenuous, responsible work?

43. Do you find your movements slow and unhurried?

44. Do you have thoughts that you would like to hide from others?

45. Can you ask a sensitive question to another person without much thought?

46. ​​Do you enjoy fast movements?

47. Do you easily generate new ideas?

48. Do you get nervous before an important conversation?

49. Can we say that you quickly complete the work assigned to you?

50. Do you like to take on big things on your own?

51. Do you have a rich facial expression in a conversation?

52. If you promised to do something, do you always keep your promises, regardless of whether it is convenient for you or not?

53. Do you feel resentment because people around you treat you worse than you should?

54. Do you usually prefer to do only one operation at a time?

55. Do you like fast paced games?

56. Are there many long pauses in your speech?

57. Is it easy for you to revitalize the company?

58. Do you usually feel overwhelmed and want to do something difficult?

59. Do you usually find it difficult to shift your attention from one thing to another?

60. Does it happen that your mood deteriorates for a long time because the planned business has failed?

61. Do you often find yourself unable to sleep because things that are directly related to work are not going well?

62. Do you like to be in a big company?

63. Do you get nervous when sorting things out with friends?

64. Do you feel the need for work that requires full effort?

65. Do you sometimes lose your temper, get angry?

66. Do you tend to solve many problems at the same time?

67. Do you keep yourself free in a big company?

68. Do you often give your first impression without thinking?

69. Do you feel insecure while doing your job?

70. Are your movements slow when you are making something?

71. Do you easily switch from one job to another?

72. Do you read aloud quickly?

73. Do you gossip sometimes?

74. Are you silent when you are among friends?

75. Do you need people who would encourage you, console you?

76. Do you willingly carry out many different assignments at the same time?

77. Are you willing to do work at a fast pace?

78. Do you usually feel like talking to people in your free time?

79. Do you often have insomnia when you fail at work?

80. Do your hands sometimes tremble during a quarrel?

81. How long do you mentally prepare before expressing your opinion?

82. Are there people among your acquaintances that you clearly do not like?

83. Do you usually prefer easy work?

84. Is it easy to offend you in a conversation over trifles?

85. Are you usually the first person in a group to start a conversation?

86. Are you attracted to people?

87. Do you tend to think first, then speak?

88. Do you often worry about your work?

89. Would you always pay for baggage transportation if you weren't afraid of being checked?

90. Do you usually keep apart at parties or in groups?

91. Do you tend to exaggerate in your imagination the failures associated with work?

92. Do you like to speak quickly?

93. Is it easy for you to refrain from expressing an unexpected idea?

94. Do you prefer to work slowly?

95. Do you worry about the slightest problems in your work?

96. Do you prefer slow, calm conversation?

97. Do you often worry about mistakes in your work that you made?

98. Are you able to perform long laborious work?

99. Can you, without hesitation, make a request to another person?

100. Do you often feel insecure when dealing with people?

101. Is it easy for you to take on new tasks?

102. Do you get tired when you have to talk for a long time?

103. Do you prefer to work cool, without much stress?

104. Do you like a varied job that requires a shift in attention?

105. Do you like to be alone for a long time?

Results processing

Interpretation of results

Subject ergicity- the level of the need to master the objective world, the thirst for activity, the desire for mental and physical labor, the degree of involvement in labor activity.

Social ergicity- the level of need for social contacts, the desire to master social forms of activity, the desire for leadership, involvement in social activities.

Plastic- the degree of ease / difficulty of switching from one subject of activity to another, the speed of transition from one way of thinking to another in the process of interaction with the objective environment, the desire for a variety of forms of objective activity.

Social plasticity- the degree of ease / difficulty of switching in the process of communication, the tendency to a variety of communicative forms, programs.

Pace- the speed of performing individual operations, the speed of motor-motor acts in the performance of objective activities.

social pace- speed characteristics of speech motor acts in the process of communication (speed of speech during communication).

Emotionality- emotional sensitivity to the discrepancy between the conceived, expected, planned and the results of a real objective action, sensitivity to failures in work.

social emotionality- emotional sensitivity in the communicative sphere, sensitivity to failures in communication, to the assessments of other people.

Methodology for studying the properties of Eysenck's temperament☼☼☼

Target - study of the properties of the temperament of extraversion-introversion and neuroticism (emotional stability-instability).

Material - question form.

How to do it - can be used both individually and in a group.

Progress - The questionnaire contains 57 questions, 24 of which are aimed at identifying extra-introversion, 24 others - at assessing emotional stability-instability, the remaining 9 questions form the control group, designed to assess the sincerity of the subject and the reliability of the results. If the subject scores more than 5 points on the control scale, then his protocol is not considered. The adaptation of the questionnaire was undertaken at the Institute of Psychoneurology. V.M. Bekhterev in 1970-1974

Instruction - You will be asked a series of questions, sincerely answering which, you will be able to better understand yourself. Read the question carefully and answer yes or no. Answer quickly and accurately. Remember that there are no "bad" or "good" answers.

Questions

1. Do you like revival and fuss around you?

2. Do you often have a restless feeling that you want something, but you don't know what?

3. Are you one of those people who don't mince words?

4. Do you sometimes feel either happy or sad for no real reason?

5. Do you usually stay in the background at parties or in company?

6. Did you always do as a child what you were ordered to do immediately and without grumbling?

7. Do you ever sulk at someone?

8. Do you prefer to end a quarrel with silence?

9. Are you a smart person?

10. Do you like to be among people?

11. Do you often lose sleep because of your worries?

12. Do you believe in any bad omens?

13. Would you call yourself nonchalant?

14. Do you often decide on something too late?

15. Do you like to work alone?

16. Do you often feel indifferent and tired for no reason?

17. Are you an active person?

18. Do you sometimes laugh at immodest jokes?

19. Do you often get so fed up with something that you feel "fed up"?

20. Do you feel uncomfortable in new or fancy clothes?

21. Do your thoughts often get distracted when you try to focus on something?

22. Can you quickly put your thoughts into words?

23. Do you often find yourself in diffuse oblivion?

24. Are you completely free from any prejudice?

25. Do you like tricky jokes?

26. Do you often think about your past?

27. Do you like delicious food very much?

28. When you are annoyed by something, do you need a friendly person to talk it out?

29. If you need money for a serious reason, would you agree to sell any of your things than to borrow money?

30. Do you boast sometimes?

31. Are you sometimes sensitive to certain things?

32. Would you rather be at home alone than go to a boring party?

33. Do you sometimes get so excited that you can't sit still?

34. Do you like to plan things in detail and in advance?

35. Do you get dizzy?

36. Do you always answer private letters immediately after reading?

37. Do you usually do things better when you think about them alone than when you discuss them with others?

38. Do you have shortness of breath when you did not do any hard work before it?

39. Are you a nonchalant person who doesn't care that everything is "just right"?

40. Do you get on your nerves?

41. Do you like planning more than doing?

42. Do you sometimes put off till tomorrow what you have to do today?

43. Do you get nervous when you are in an elevator or a tunnel?

44. Do you usually take the first steps towards rapprochement when you get to know someone?

45. Do you have severe headaches?

46. ​​Do you usually think that everything will work itself out and return to normal?

47. Do you find it difficult to fall asleep at night?

48. Do you sometimes tell lies?

49. Do you sometimes say the first thing that comes to mind?

50. How long do you worry after the embarrassment that happened?

51. Are you closed with everyone except close friends?

52. Do you often get in trouble because you act without thinking?

53. Do you like to joke and tell funny stories to your friends?

54. Do you prefer to win more than lose?

55. Are you usually shy in the presence of elders?

56. Do you think it's worth taking a risk even when the odds are not in your favor?

57. Do you often "suck in the stomach" before an important task?

¨ Processing of results

Extraversion-Introversion:

"Yes" - questions 1, 3, 8, 10, 13, 17, 22, 25, 27, 39, 44, 46, 49, 53, 56;

"No" - questions 5, 15, 20, 29, 32, 34, 37, 41, 51.

Emotional stability-instability:

"Yes" - questions 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 19, 21, 23, 26, 28, 31, 33, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 47, 50, 52, 55 , 57.

Correction scale:

"Yes" - questions 6, 24, 36

"No" - questions 12, 18, 30, 42, 48, 54.

Interpretation of results

extraversion-introversion. If the subject scored more than 13 points on this scale, then he is an extrovert, which indicates his focus on the outside world. If the subject scored less than 13 points, then he is an introvert, which indicates his focus on the inner world.

The basis of extraversion, according to G. Eysenck, is a weak excitation of the reticular formation and a strong inhibitory effect from the cortex. In this regard, extroverts need stimulation from the external environment to achieve optimal activation. Therefore, extroverts are more dependent on external impressions, they strive for contact with other people, they are proactive in communication, they prefer large companies, trying to establish many contacts with people, easily getting to know each other and easily breaking off relationships.

Introversion is based on a high level of cortical influences, hence, introverts do not require external stimulation. Introverts are characterized by a focus on themselves, isolation, a weak craving for new impressions, a focus on their experiences, memories. Introverts prefer small companies, trying to maintain contacts with the same people for a long time, have difficulty getting close to new people, and show low initiative in communication.

Emotional stability-instability- according to G. Eysenck, - occurs as a result of the action of chemicals produced by the endocrine glands. People who are emotionally unstable (up to 13 points) usually respond to painful, unusual, disturbing and other stimuli faster than stable people. Such individuals show longer responses, continuing even after the disappearance of stimuli, than individuals with a high level of stability.

4. Methodology for self-assessment of anxiety, rigidity and extraversion (D. Maudsley) ☼☼☼

Target - study of the properties of temperament - anxiety, rigidity and extroversion.

Material - question form.

How to do it - can be used both individually and in a group.

Progress - The subjects are offered a form with questions and instructions.

Instruction - Answer "Yes" or "No" to the following questions.

Questions

1. Do you sometimes get so excited about some thoughts that you cannot sit in one place?

2. Have you ever been disturbed by a “useless thought” that kept spinning in your head?

3. Can you be quickly convinced of something?

4. Do you think that you can rely on your word?

5. Can you forget about all your business and go have fun in good company?

6. Do you often find yourself making a decision too late?

7. Do you take your work for granted?

8. Do you like work that requires a lot of concentration and attention?

9. Do you like to talk about your past?

10. Do you find it difficult to forget about your affairs, about everything, even at a busy party?

11. Do thoughts and images sometimes haunt you so that you cannot sleep?

12. When you are busy with your main work, are you interested in the work of your comrades at the same time?

13. Are there often times when you need to be left alone?

14. Do you consider yourself a happy person?

15. Are you embarrassed or embarrassed in the presence of people of the opposite sex?

16. Are you worried about guilt?

17. Have you ever been late for class or a date?

18. Do you find it difficult to switch from one exam to another?

19. Do you often feel lonely?

20. Do you spend much time reminiscing about the best times in your past?

21. Do you prefer to remain inconspicuous at parties, at a party?

22. Is it true that you are quite difficult to offend?

23. Do you often feel dissatisfied?

24. Do you tend to complete the previous work if you have another, more interesting one?

25. Do you ever get the feeling that your work is a matter of life and death for you?

26. Do you find it difficult to give up habits that you do not like?

27. Do you like to think about your past?

28. Do you consider yourself lucky, a person who succeeds in everything in life easily?

29. Is it easy to hurt your nerves on various occasions?

30. Are you prone to quick and decisive action?

31. After doing something, do you always think that you should have done differently?

32. Do you easily move from one thing to another?

33. Do you sometimes feel lonely?

34. Do you sometimes work as if your life depended on it?

35. Can you quickly interrupt the work you have started and immediately proceed to another task?

Results processing

Anxiety is determined by the sum of points for the answers "YES" to questions 1, 2, 4, 10, 16, 23, 25, 29, 31, 34 and for the answers "NO" to questions 5, 7, 14, 15, 17, 22, 28 For each answer that matches the key, 1 point is given.

LT 3 = (sum "YES" + sum "NO")

Rigidity is determined by the sum of points for the answers "YES" to questions 18, 24, 26 and for the answers "NO" to questions 3, 12, 32, 35. For each answer that matches the key, 2 points are given.

P = (sum "YES" + sum "NO")

Extroversion is determined by the sum of points for the answers "YES" to questions 6, 8, 9, 13, 19, 20, 21, 27, 33 and for the answer "NO" to question 30. For each answer that matches the key, 2 points are given.

E \u003d (sum "YES" + sum "NO")

Interpretation of results

Anxiety- a property of temperament, expressed in the degree of anxiety in various situations, objectively or subjectively posing a threat to a person, a state of tension arising from the experience of disapproval. Anxiety can be adaptive if it is sufficiently pronounced and signals the person about the need for measurements and non-adaptive if its level is so high that it causes immobilization, or too low to motivate for any action.

Rigidity- a property of temperament, manifested in the difficulty of switching from one type of activity to another, due to the inertia of nervous processes: the level of the ability to change one's behavior when the situation requires it.

Extroversion characterized by flexibility and inconstancy of behavior, possible aggressiveness and frustration, passion and, in general, considerable, but self-centered social adaptation. His sociability suggests the presence of listeners rather than interlocutors. The same is true of his initiative, which requires performers rather than employees.

The lower values ​​of extroversion are defined by the special concept of "introversion", which means that the person is turned inward, to his own experiences and thoughts.

Taylor's anxiety level measurement method adapted by T.A. Nemchinov☺☺ .

Goal of the work: study of the level of psychodynamic anxiety of the student.

Preliminary remarks. Anxiety is one of the properties of the psychodynamic level of integral individuality. Anxiety is understood as the degree of anxiety in an expected situation. Psychodynamic anxiety as an individual psychological feature of the student's personality affects the emotional sphere, the effectiveness of educational activities, and the student's relationship in the social microenvironment. A high level of anxiety often correlates with emotional instability, with low self-esteem of the individual.

Material: the text of the questionnaire and the answer sheet.

Execution method: testing can be performed both individually and with a group of subjects.

Work progress. The student is asked to evaluate 50 statements, depending on whether he agrees or disagrees with their content. For ease of use, each statement can be placed on a separate card, so that in the process of research, the student can lay them out on two sides.

Statement text

1. Usually I am calm and it is not easy to get me mad.

2. My nerves are no more upset than other people.

3. I rarely get constipated.

4. I rarely have headaches.

5. I rarely get tired.

6. I almost always feel quite happy.

7. I am confident.

8. I almost never blush.

9. Compared to my friends, I consider myself quite a brave person.

10. I blush no more than others.

11. I rarely have a heartbeat.

12. Usually my hands are quite warm.

13. I am no more shy than others.

14. I lack self-confidence.

15. Sometimes it seems to me that I am good for nothing.

16. I have periods of such anxiety that I cannot sit still.

17. My stomach troubles me a lot.

18. I do not have the courage to endure all the difficulties ahead.

19. I would like to be as happy as others.

20. Sometimes it seems to me that such difficulties are heaped up in front of me that I cannot overcome.

21. I often have nightmares.

22. I notice that my hands begin to tremble when I try to do something.

23. I have extremely restless and interrupted sleep.

24. I am very worried about possible failures.

25. I had to experience fear in those cases when I knew for sure that nothing threatened me.

26. It is difficult for me to concentrate on work or on any task.

27. I work with a lot of pressure.

28. I am easily confused.

29. Almost all the time I feel anxiety because of someone or because of something.

30. I tend to take everything too seriously.

31. I often cry.

32. I am often tormented by bouts of vomiting and nausea.

33. Once a month or more I have an upset stomach.

34. I am often afraid that I am about to blush.

35. It is very difficult for me to focus on anything.

36. My financial situation worries me a lot.

37. Often I think about things that I would not want to talk about with anyone.

38. I had periods when anxiety deprived me of sleep.

39. At times, when I am confused, I sweat a lot, which makes me very embarrassed.

40. Even on cold days, I sweat easily.

41. At times I get so excited that it's hard for me to sleep.

42. I am an easily excitable person.

43. At times I feel completely useless.

44. Sometimes it seems to me that my nerves are very shattered, and I'm about to lose my temper.

45. I often find myself worrying about something.

46. ​​I am much more sensitive than most other people.

47. I feel hungry almost all the time.

48. Sometimes I get upset over trifles.

49. Life for me is associated with unusual stress.

50. Waiting always makes me nervous.

Results processing: about evaluation of the results of the study on the questionnaire is carried out by counting the number of responses of the subject, indicating anxiety.

Every "yes" answer to a statement

14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50

and the answer "no" to statements 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 is estimated at 1 point.

Interpretation of results: 40-50 points is considered as an indicator of a very high level of anxiety; 25-40 points - indicates a high level of anxiety; 15-25 points - about the average (with a tendency to high) level; 5-15 points - about the average (with a tendency to low) level and 0-5 points - about a low level of anxiety.

According to the results of the study, with students who received high scores in terms of the level of anxiety, it is possible to conduct corrective conversations, to observe in which situations the level of anxiety of the student increases.

The student can be helped to interpret life's problems and failures in a positive way. For example: a student has an increased level of anxiety before a test. You can explain to him that the test is a way to show your knowledge and preparation, this is a kind of exam rehearsal. You can conduct psycho-training with a group of anxious schoolchildren.

Similar information.

This refers to the balance of excitation / inhibition processes, or otherwise, the ability to "restrain" both transcendental excitation (a state of active overexcitation) and transcendental inhibition (drowsiness, "brake" stupor). The balance of nervous processes to a decisive extent determines such an important adaptive quality as adaptability , i.e. flexible "tuning" of the processes of excitation and inhibition (their threshold sensitivity) in relation to the situation. Loss of various compensatory mechanisms of its effectiveness is always characterized by imbalance of nervous processes.

also largely due to the same reason. Neuroses, demonstrative and psychopathic emotional breakdowns, lack of flexibility in behavior, impulsiveness of actions are largely due to the presence of an imbalance in nervous processes. (It should be clarified that stress resistance requires a sufficiently strong and balanced nervous system, but such qualities as adaptability and plasticity (flexibility) of behavior are primarily determined by balance).

Equilibrium central nervous system(together with mobility) quite directly affects the formation of such an important quality of the psyche as, i.e. developing a proactive attitude to the expected situation. With excessive amplification (and this is almost always observed with unbalanced psyche with the fixation of excitation on some one signaling factor), the employee noticeably loses flexibility in strategic planning and becomes very vulnerable psychologically and business-wise when solving unexpectedly changed operational issues.

At the professional-behavioral level this property can manifest itself as: adaptability, emotional and behavioral balance, calmness, objectivity, tactical (behavioral) flexibility, tolerance, equanimity, self-control.

Balance of nervous processes

nervous training dog behavior

The balance of nervous processes is a property of the nervous system that expresses the relationship between excitation and inhibition and determines the balance of the processes of excitation and inhibition. The concept of the balance of nervous processes, introduced by I.P. Pavlov, was considered by him as one of the independent properties of the nervous system, forming, in combination with others (with the strength and mobility of the nervous system), a type of higher nervous activity. In further studies, the balance of nervous processes began to be considered as a set of secondary (derivative) properties of the nervous system, determined by the ratio of excitation and inhibition indicators for each of its primary properties (strength, mobility, lability, dynamism of the nervous system). Along with a new interpretation of the balance of nervous processes, a new term was proposed - the balance of nervous processes.

To determine the balance of nervous processes, the forces of the processes of excitation and inhibition in a given animal are compared. If both processes mutually compensate each other, then they are balanced, and if not, then, for example, during the development of differentiations, a breakdown of the inhibitory process can be observed if it turns out to be weak. If, however, the inhibitory process dominates due to insufficient excitation, then differentiation is preserved under difficult conditions, but the magnitude of the reaction to a positive conditioned signal decreases sharply.

By balance, strong nervous processes are divided into:

Balanced, when the process of excitation is balanced by the inhibitory process of inhibition;

Unbalanced, when the predominance of the excitation process, is not compensated by the process of inhibition - "unrestrained type".

Balanced nervous processes according to mobility are divided into:

Mobile (excitation and inhibition easily replace each other)

Motionless (inert: processes change with difficulty).

The balance of nervous processes is determined by the ability to develop delayed inhibition (an increase in the time between the action of the conditioned signal and the unconditioned stimulus):

if the conditioned reflex is quickly inhibited, and a new conditioned reflex does not arise, then inhibition predominates in the central nervous system, which is not balanced by excitation;

if there is an inhibition of the old and the development of a new conditioned reflex, then excitation and inhibition are balanced;

if the old reflex is not inhibited for a long time, and the new one has already developed, then excitation predominates in the central nervous system, which is not balanced by inhibition.

The balance of nervous processes in terms of excitation and inhibition is characterized by the fact that the rate of onset and rate of termination of the nervous process are approximately the same. In some dogs, excitation predominates over inhibition, while in others, inhibitory processes predominate. In a dog with balanced nervous processes, unnecessary desires are easily suppressed by the trainer. Such dogs work evenly, without accidental breakdowns. They remain calm and composed even in an environment with an increased number of distractions.

Based on the balance of nervous processes, such traits of dog behavior as concentration of attention when searching, indifference to extraneous stimuli, and stability in work are formed.

And in relation to the same influences of the physical and social environment. Without predetermining its social value, without directly determining the content side of the psyche, S. n. With. are the physiological basis of the formal-dynamic side, forming the soil on which some forms of behavior are easier to form, others are more difficult.

Pavlov assumed the existence of 3 basic properties.

• strength of nervous processes;
• balance of nervous processes;
• mobility of nervous processes.

The power of nervous processes- the ability to generate an adequate response to a strong and superstrong stimulus. Strength - the ability of nerve cells to maintain normal performance with a significant voltage of excitatory and inhibitory processes. It is based on the expression in processes and inhibition. Nervous processes are subdivided (according to strength) into strong (predominance of excitatory processes in the central nervous system) and weak (predominance of inhibitory processes in the central nervous system). It is believed that persons with stronger n. With. more resilient and stress resistant.

Balance of nervous processes– balance of excitation and inhibition processes. Balance means the same expression of nervous processes. People with more balanced n. With. characterized by more balanced behavior

Strong nervous processes (according to balance) are divided into:

• balanced (the process of excitation is balanced by inhibitory processes);
• unbalanced (a sharp predominance of excitation processes, they are not compensated by inhibition - “unrestrained type”).

Mobility of nervous processes– the ability to quickly change the processes of excitation and inhibition. Mobility n. With. expressed in the ability to quickly move from one process to another. Persons with more mobile n. With. differ in flexibility of behavior, quickly adapt to new conditions.

Strong balanced nervous processes (according to mobility) are divided into:

• mobile (excitation and inhibition easily replace each other)
• motionless (inert: processes change with difficulty).

In the future, in connection with new research methods S. n. pages, especially in the works of B. M. Teplov, V. D. Nebylitsin and their students, were significantly refined as the structure of the main S. n. N of page, and their neurophysiological maintenance. In addition, several new properties have become known.

Dynamism– the ability of brain structures to quickly generate excitatory and inhibitory processes in the course of the formation of conditioned reactions. This property underlies learning.

Lability expressed in the rate of occurrence and termination of nervous processes. More "labile" people, for example, perform motor acts much faster per unit of time.

Activation characterizes the individual level of the activation reaction of the processes of excitation and inhibition, which is the basis of mnemonic abilities.

In the studies of V. S. Merlin and his collaborators, numerous connections were established between the properties of the nervous system and the properties of temperament. Practically there was not a single property of temperament that would not be associated with some property of the nervous system. At the same time, the same property of temperament can be associated both with a separate property of the nervous system, and with several. Thus, each property of temperament is dependent on several properties of the nervous system.

The combination of properties of the nervous system determines not only one or another type of temperament. Relationships between individual properties of the nervous system and personality properties have been established.

Thus, the strength of the excitatory process is the basis of working capacity, endurance, courage, courage, courage, ability to overcome difficulties, independence, activity, perseverance, energy, initiative, determination, ardor, risk appetite.

The strength of the inhibitory process underlies caution, self-control, patience, secrecy, restraint, composure.

Unbalance due to the predominance of excitation over inhibition causes excitability, risk appetite, ardor, intolerance, the predominance of perseverance over compliance. Action is inherent in such a person than waiting and patience.

Unbalance due to the predominance of inhibition over excitation causes caution, restraint and restraint in behavior, excitement and risk are excluded. In the first place, calmness and caution.

The balance (balance) of inhibition and excitation implies moderation, proportionality of activity, degree.

The mobility of the excitatory process is associated with the ability to quickly interrupt the work begun, stop halfway, quickly calm down. At the same time, it is difficult to develop perseverance in activity.

The mobility of the inhibitory process is associated with the speed of speech reactions, liveliness of facial expressions, sociability, initiative, responsiveness, dexterity, and endurance. It is difficult for such a person to be secretive, attached and constant.

Often there is a significant discrepancy between the results of measuring the properties of n. With. in different analyzers. This phenomenon was called by Nebylitsyn the partiality of properties n. pp., which differ in different brain structures, are called "private", and representing "superanalyzer" characteristics - "general". Initially, "general" properties were associated with the functioning of the anterior (frontal) parts of the brain.

Currently properties n. With. can be represented as a hierarchy of levels:

• elementary (properties of individual neurons);
• complex (properties of various brain structures);
• general cerebral (systemic) properties (i.e. properties of the whole brain).

Elementary properties n. With: are manifested in the features of the integration of nervous processes in individual elements of n. With. (neurons) are components of higher-order properties. (V. M. Rusalov.)

Complex-structural properties n. With: features of the integration of nervous processes in individual brain structures (hemispheres, frontal regions, analyzers, subcortical structures, etc.). The majority of S. n determined by traditional methods. With. (or private properties) belongs to this category. They determine, first of all, special abilities and individual personality traits.

General (system) properties n. With: represent the most fundamental functional characteristics of the integration of neural processes throughout the brain. They determine individual differences in general personality characteristics, such as temperament and general.

The level of excitation processes

• High - a strong response to excitation,; no signs of extreme inhibition are found, a direct correlation with high rates in the tapping test: quick engagement in work, workability and achievement of high productivity; low fatigue; high performance and endurance.
• Low - weak and belated reaction to excitation, prohibitive inhibition is quickly achieved, up to stupor, failure to work; low scores on the tapping test; slow: inclusion in work, workability and low labor productivity; high fatigue; low performance and endurance

Level of braking processes

• High - strong nervous processes from the side of inhibition; excitement, stimuli are easily extinguished; quick response to simple sensory cues, good response; high self-control, composure, vigilance, composure in behavioral reactions.
• Low - weakness of inhibition processes, impulsiveness in response to stimulus, weak self-control in behavioral reactions, a certain disinhibition, laxity, undemanding and self-indulgence; slow or belated response to simple signals; bad reaction, uneven reaction, inadequate reactions, tendency to hysteria.

Level of mobility of nervous processes

• High - the ease of switching nervous processes from excitation to inhibition and vice versa; rapid transition from one type of activity to another; quick switching, decisiveness, courage in behavioral reactions.
• Low - typical for people who tend to work according to a stereotype, who do not like quick and unexpected changes in their activities, are inert, showing, as a rule, a low ability to switch to new types of work and successfully master a new profession; not suitable for fast changing conditions.

Shift in the balance of nervous processes towards excitation

With a significant shift in the balance of nervous processes towards excitation, unbalanced behavior, strong short-term emotional experiences, unstable mood, weak patience, aggressive behavior, overestimation of one’s abilities, good adaptation to the new, riskiness, strong desire for the goal with full dedication, fighting attitude towards danger without special calculation, poor noise immunity.

Shift in the balance of nervous processes towards inhibition

With a significant shift in the balance of nervous processes towards inhibition, balanced behavior, a stable mood, weak emotional experiences, good patience, restraint, composure, an unflappable attitude towards danger, a real assessment of one's abilities, and good noise immunity are likely.

Accounting and temperament of the interlocutor during the conversation.

With a strong, unbalanced, ultra-fast type (choleric), the conversation is built and conducted according to a clear structure of stages. They exclude factors that contribute to an aggravation in a conversation, a sharp tone, questions and information that are unpleasant for the interlocutor.

With a strong, balanced, mobile type of GNI (sanguine) - the conversation should be carried out according to the same plan, but preferably with. Sudden transitions from one topic to another are acceptable. He easily perceives a conversation that is not entirely logical, he can be ignited in a vivid way, with a good comparison, and captivated by an interesting idea.

With a strong, balanced, inert type of GNA (phlegmatic) - according to a plan in which the essence of the conversation is consistently and thoroughly stated.

With a weak type of HNA (melancholic) - according to the plan, from which everything that can lead him into excitement, into a state of panic, etc. is excluded.

If the type of GNI and temperament are not known in advance, then the conversation plan is drawn up without “hard” connections between successive items, which allows it to be adjusted during the conversation, as the type of GNI and temperament of the interlocutor is determined.

A strong, balanced, mobile type of GNI (sanguine) and a strong, unbalanced, ultra-fast type of GNI (choleric), being in a difficult situation, will quickly find a way out of it. A strong, balanced, inert type of GND (phlegmatic) will be at an impasse, and a weak type of GND (melancholic) will be in a panic.

All people are completely different. Everyone has their own strengths and weaknesses, everyone reacts in their own way to the same situation. In many ways, the characteristics of a person's character depend on the properties of the nervous system. So let's see what they are and how they affect the formation of personality.

What it is?

Properties of the nervous system is a term proposed by the Russian scientist I.P. Pavlov, which characterizes the innate features of the response and functioning of the nervous system. These traits determine how it reacts to environmental conditions, human behavior.

The totality of all properties of the nervous system is called the phenotype. It is on the basis of this concept that a psychologist works with a person. Although the phenotype is genetically determined, it can change depending on environmental conditions.

Basic properties of the nervous system

I. P. Pavlov in his classification initially characterized three main properties:

• force;
• equilibrium;
• mobility.

With further study of the nervous system, three more new properties were added to these properties:

• dynamism- the ability of the brain to quickly respond to changing environmental conditions, namely to the processes of excitation and inhibition of its structures; its main characteristic is the speed of formation of conditioned reflexes in an individual;
• lability- the speed with which a new process appears and stops;
• activity- indicates how easily the processes of inhibition and excitation are activated in the brain.

The power of nervous processes

One of the main properties of the nervous system, which determines the further development of character and temperament, is the strength of nervous processes. This property shows how the nervous system can resist the action of stimuli from the outside.

The main characteristic of the strength of nervous processes is how long the nervous system can last without transcendental inhibition when an external stimulus acts on it for a long time. This should be a normal reaction in relation to the pathogen.

If we are talking about a process that inhibits the nervous system, then the main characteristic of strength will be the ability to withstand prolonged exposure to this stimulus.

In addition, physiologists argue that strength is characterized not by the productive activity of a person, but by the ways in which he can achieve his greatest activity.

Based on this property, such traits of a person’s character are formed as:

• endurance;
• courage;
• the ability to adapt, that is, adapt to a changing external environment;
• impressionability.

Balance and mobility of nervous processes

The other two main components of the natural properties of the nervous system are balance and mobility.

Balance is a balance, or balance, between excitation and inhibition (the main nervous processes). If a person's reaction is dynamic, it is easy for him to calm down, to get rid of unnecessary thoughts. For such people, it is not difficult to overcome stupid desires and soberly assess the situation. Poise smoothly combines such traits of a person's character as concentration and distractibility.

Mobility is the rate of emergence of new and disappearance of old nervous processes. The ability is determined by its ability to quickly adapt to new environmental changes, change one conditioned reflex for another.

It is easier for a person with mobile nervous processes to get rid of old stereotypes, labels, it is easier to open oneself to something new. Such people have a very good memory, they are characterized by fast speech. With low mobility of processes, it is not easy for an individual to find himself in an unfamiliar situation for him, to acquire new skills. He prefers to be in his native habitat.

Basic levels

In psychology, a separate hierarchical classification of the properties of the nervous system is distinguished. There are three levels in total:

• upper - properties of the entire brain, its effect on the entire body;
• medium - properties of individual brain structures and integral groups that form these structures;
• lower - properties of individual nerve cells (neurons).

All these levels are not isolated, but are in constant interaction with each other. Little has been studied how each of them is connected with the character of a person and his mental processes.

Types of the nervous system

Based on various combinations of nervous processes, four types of properties of the human nervous system have been characterized:

• strong unrestrained - his nervous processes are unbalanced, and excitation significantly prevails over inhibition;
• strong lively - characterized by an unbalanced and extremely mobile reaction, excitation quickly turns into inhibition, and vice versa;
• strong calm - his nervous processes are balanced, however, practically motionless;
• weak - excitation, like inhibition, is poorly developed; cortical cells are characterized by low efficiency.

The first type is best studied, since it is in it that all the properties of the nervous system are most pronounced. And it is worse to study, respectively, a weak type.

Character traits for different types of nervous system

How does the behavior of an individual change depending on his characteristics of the properties of the nervous system? A person with a strong nervous system is able to be efficient for a long time, even doing really hard work. Tired, he does not require much time to rest. Such a person recovers quickly, does not panic in critical situations, but soberly assesses the situation.

An individual with a weak temperament is more sensitive and emotionally labile, that is, he reacts even to minor stimuli. It is easier for this type of people to perform monotonous work, so it is easier for them to remember information. They have the opportunity to develop - the stability of such a person is acquired over time. However, if two dynamically trained people of a strong and weak type are placed in the same conditions, the genetic predisposition will make itself felt.

Temperament types

The types of nervous system listed above correspond to the four types of temperament:

• choleric - with strong and unrestrained nervous processes;
• sanguine - has persistent and lively functional characteristics;
• phlegmatic - a strong and calm type of nervous processes;
• melancholic is the weakest.

In addition, in addition to the types of the nervous system listed above, another classification is also distinguished:

• thinking type;
• artistic type.

This division is based on the interaction of two human signaling systems. It is this that serves as the leading factor in which direction the individual will develop. So, for the mental type, the predominant activity of the second signal system is characteristic, and for the artistic type, the first. People born with a good development of conditioned reflexes are more likely to become mathematicians, philologists, physicists and other scientists. Personalities with an artistic type often have a talent for writing, music or painting, that is, they are people of a creative profession.

So, our character, how we react to certain situations, what decisions we make, largely depends on the properties of the nervous system inherited from our parents. However, whatever type of reflex response is encoded in our DNA, any of these processes is more or less elastic. They are changed by upbringing, habits, situations in which we find ourselves. Everything that happens to us leaves a certain imprint on us, changing the functioning of our entire nervous system.