Extracurricular activity for elementary school. Battle of Stalingrad

Time has its own memory - history. Time has its own memory - history. On February 2, we remember one of the greatest pages of the Great Patriotic War, the great battle on the Volga - the battle for Stalingrad, which became a radical turning point in the course of that terrible war. The Battle of Stalingrad began in the middle of the summer of 1942, and lasted more than six months. It was here that the future fate of the planet was decided. For the Nazis, this city had special significance. They understood perfectly well that this city, a symbol bearing the name of Stalin, played a major role in the consciousness of the Soviet people. The Germans decided to capture the city, cut the Volga, strangle Russia... February 2, we remember one of the greatest pages of the Great Patriotic War, the great battle on the Volga - the battle for Stalingrad, which became a radical turning point in the course of that terrible war. The Battle of Stalingrad began in the middle of the summer of 1942 , and lasted more than six months. It was here that the future fate of the planet was decided. For the Nazis, this city had special significance. They understood perfectly well that this city, a symbol bearing the name of Stalin, played a major role in the consciousness of the Soviet people. The Germans decided to capture the city, cut the Volga, strangle Russia...

A huge army of fascists was drawn to Stalingrad, about a million bombs were dropped. The wounded, charred city continued to fight. A huge army of fascists was drawn to Stalingrad, about a million bombs were dropped. The wounded, charred city continued to fight.

ORDER 227 “Every commander, Red Army soldier and political worker must understand that our funds are not unlimited. The territory of the Soviet state is not a desert, but workers, peasants, intelligentsia - our fathers, mothers, wives, brothers, children. /....../ To retreat further means to ruin ourselves and at the same time ruin our Motherland. No step back! This should now be our main call. We must stubbornly, to the last drop of blood, defend every position, every meter of Soviet territory, cling to every piece of Soviet land and defend it to the last opportunity.” I. V. Stalin

August 23 Bombs dropped, buildings destroyed, people killed!

The sailors of the Volga military flotilla and the Volga rivermen made 35.5 thousand combat flights during the Battle of Stalingrad, transported more than 100 thousand soldiers and thousands of tons of military cargo to the right bank. They took tens of thousands of wounded and civilians out of the burning city.

"Barefoot Garrison" - children aged. Ordinary Stalingrad boys could not stay away. They also stood up to defend their native land. In the village “Verbovka” captured by the Nazis, a “barefoot garrison” operated. Its fighters were farm boys of ten to fourteen years old; they did not blow up trains, did not blow up ammunition depots, but in their own way, as best they could, fought the invaders.

Pavlov's House. Do not forget the feat of the defenders of Pavlov's House. This house became an impregnable fortress on the path of the Nazis. For 58 days and nights, 24 warriors heroically defended the house without sleep or rest. The heroic defense of the house was carried out under artillery and mortar shelling that did not stop for days. The house was dilapidated, but not surrendered to the enemy. And only on the 59th day of defense the offensive began and the enemy was driven back.

We must not forget at what cost our soldiers achieved victory. How many tears of grief have been shed by our women. How many children are left orphans? Thanks to the courage and heroism of our veterans, the world was freed from the cruel enemy - fascism. On November 10, 1961, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR decided to rename the city of Stalingrad to the City of Volgograd. On May 8, 1965, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a Decree approving the regulations on the honorary title “Hero City”. On the same day, the city of Volgograd was officially awarded the title “Hero City” with the presentation of the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

Target : acquaintance with an important historical date of the hero city of Volgograd

Tasks: 1. Clarify and expand students’ knowledge about the Battle of Stalingrad and its significance during the Great Patriotic War.

2. Develop interest in the history of the Fatherland, the history of your native land; observation, curiosity.

3. Foster a sense of patriotism, cohesion, and responsibility.

Equipment : multimedia presentation “February 2 – Battle of Stalingrad”, poems about the war, recording “Minute of Silence”.

During the classes .

1. Organizational moment.

2. Conversation.

Guys, today, February 2, we have an unusual class hour. ( Slide 1 ) On this day in 1943, the last salvos of one of the most important battles of the Great Patriotic War - Stalingrad - were fired.(Slide 2)

Motherland, harsh and sweet,

Remembers all the fierce battles,

Groves grow over the graves,

Nightingales glorify life through the groves.

Slowly the story turns,

The chronicle syllable becomes heavier.

Everything is getting old

The homeland does not grow old,

Old age doesn't let you in.

This battle began on July 17, 1942. ( Slide 3 ) Heavy bloody battles began near the city. All the men went to the front, and children, women and old people helped in the rear - they worked in factories and joined the partisans.

Wait for me and I will come back,

Just wait a lot

Wait when they make you sad

Gray rains.

Wait for the snow to blow

Wait for it to be hot

Wait when others are not waiting,

Forgetting yesterday.

The battle for Stalingrad was very difficult. It was a matter of honor to defend the city. After all, with the capture of such a large industrial center as Stalingrad was, the Nazis would not only be able to weaken the country, but also approach the capital of our homeland - Moscow, and also surround Leningrad. Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Army I.V. Stalin issued the order: “Not a step back.” ( Slide 4)

From birth I have not seen the earth

No siege, no such battle,

The earth shook

And the fields turned red,

Everything was burning over the Volga River.

In the heat, factories, houses, train stations,

Dust on the steep bank.

Don't hand over the city to the enemy.

Russian soldier faithful to the oath,

He defended Stalingrad.

The time will come - the smoke will clear,

The thunder of war will fall silent,

Taking off my hat when meeting him,

The people will say about him:

This is an iron Russian soldier,

He defended Stalingrad.

Soviet soldiers fought for every street, for every house, every floor, for every pebble of their native land. The Battle of Stalingrad lasted 200 days and nights. One of the terrible days for city residents was August 23, 1942. ( Slide 5 ) Then, back in 1942, German combat aircraft intended to wipe Stalingrad off the face of the Earth. Several thousand bombs were dropped on the houses of the townspeople, destroying more than half of Stalingrad, killing more than 40 thousand people, thereby turning the city into a huge territory covered with burning ruins. A stunning photograph by the legendary war photojournalist Emmanuel Evzerikhin has survived to this day - the “Children” fountain, preserved during the bombing, against the backdrop of incinerated Stalingrad. Officially, the photo is called: “August 23, 1942. After a massive raid by Nazi aircraft.”

What’s his name, I forgot to ask him.

About ten or twelve years old. Bedovy,

Of those who are the leaders of children,

From those in the front-line towns

They greet us like dear guests.

The car is surrounded in parking lots,

Carrying water to them in buckets is not difficult,

Bring soap and towel to the tank

And unripe plums are shoved...

There was a battle going on outside. The enemy fire was terrible,

We made our way forward to the square.

And he nails - you can’t look out of the towers, -

And the devil will understand where he’s hitting from.

Here, guess which house is behind

He settled down - there were so many holes,

And suddenly a boy ran up to the car:

Comrade commander, comrade commander!

I know where their gun is. I scouted...

I crawled up, they were over there in the garden...

But where, where?.. - Let me go

On the tank with you. I'll give it straight away.

Well, no fight awaits. - Get in here, buddy! -

And so the four of us roll to the place.

The boy is standing - mines, bullets are whistling,

And only the shirt has a bubble.

We've arrived. - Here. - And from a turn

We go to the rear and give full throttle.

And this gun, along with the crew,

We sank into loose, greasy black soil.

I wiped off the sweat. Smothered by fumes and soot:

There was a big fire going from house to house.

And I remember I said: “Thank you, lad!” -

And he shook hands like a comrade...

It was a difficult fight. Everything now is as if from sleep,

And I just can’t forgive myself:

From thousands of faces I would recognize the boy,

But what’s his name, I forgot to ask him.

At the cost of incredible efforts, our troops were able not only to repel the advance of Hitler’s troops on November 19, 1942 ( Slide 6 ), but also to encircle the advanced units of the German army led by Field Marshal Paulus - February 2, 1943. ( Slide 7)

Don't forget those terrible years

When the Volga water boiled,

But that iron soldier withstood

But the immortal Stalingrad survived.

In the Battle of Stalingrad, the Soviet Army defeated 5 enemy armies and captured 91 thousand people. But there were also many losses among Soviet soldiers. ( Slide 8)

The lines fall evenly into the notebook...

Let hundreds of times

The snow will melt from the slopes,

The heart will still skip a beat

With this figure – 20 million.

Yes, many Soviet soldiers died in the Battle of Stalingrad. Let's honor their memory with a minute of silence. (Minute of silence.)

For outstanding services to the Motherland, our city was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal. (Displays images of awards.) ( Slide 9)

In memory of the Battle of Stalingrad there are many monuments in our city. What monuments of the Battle of Stalingrad do you know? (Children's answers.)

One of the most famous monuments of the Battle of Stalingrad all over the world is the Mamayev Kurgan complex of monuments. ( Slide 10)

Student message: Mamayev Kurgan, a hill in the central part of Volgograd (north of the Central Station), dominating the city, in the area of ​​which stubborn fighting took place during the Battle of Stalingrad 1942-43. In 1963-67, a monument-ensemble was created on Mamayev Kurgan to commemorate the victory at Stalingrad (a team of authors led by sculptor E. V. Vuchetich and architect Ya. B. Belopolsky; Lenin Prize, 1970). In the center of the ensemble is the Motherland monument (height 52 m). At the foot of the mound is the monument “Stand to the death”, below it are the ruins of two walls with relief compositions revealing the theme of heroic struggle.

Another memorable place of the Battle of Stalingrad is the Square of Fallen Fighters. ( Slide 11)

Student message: In the summer of 1942, the Square of Fallen Fighters became the place from which militia units and regular units of the Red Army left to defend the city. When the enemy entered the city, the Square of the Fallen Fighters became the scene of fierce fighting. The 13th Guards Division of General Rodimtsev fought here, there was a cemetery for German officers, here, in the basement of a department store, Field Marshal Paulus was captured on January 31, 1943. More than 100 Soviet soldiers were buried in a mass grave, next to the defenders of Red Tsaritsyn. To commemorate the end of the Battle of Stalingrad, on February 4, 1943, a crowded meeting of victorious soldiers and city residents took place on the Square of Fallen Fighters. The meeting was addressed by army commanders V.I. Chuikov, M.S. Shumilov, and commander of the 13th Guards Rifle Division A.I. Rodimtsev. Secretary of the regional party committee A.S. Chuyanov, pointing to the ruins of the city, said: “In battles with the hated enemy - the Nazi invaders - our city was turned into piles of ruins. Today we swear to our Motherland, Party and Government that we will revive our beloved city.” And the city was revived.

People did not spare themselves in this war. They fought to the last, performed feats, sacrificing their lives. Such a feat was accomplished by Red Army soldier Mikhail Panikakha, whose monument is located in the Krasnooktyabrsky district of Volgograd. ( Slide 12)

Student message:On October 2, 1942, Red Army soldier Panikakha went to the lead tank with a grenade and Molotov cocktails. When one of the bottles was broken by a fragment of an enemy shell and the clothes ignited, Panikakha rushed at the enemy tank and, breaking another bottle on its armor, set it on fire, and he himself died. The remaining tanks turned back. The site of Panikakha’s feat was marked for a long time with a memorial sign with a memorial plaque. On May 8, 1975, a modern monument was unveiled at the site of the feat. He depicts a warrior-sailor at the moment of a rush to a fascist tank. The authors of the project are sculptor R. P. Kharitonov and architect Yu. I. Belousov. The sculpture is made of forged copper and installed on a reinforced concrete pedestal measuring 8x13 meters and 0.8 meters high. The sculpture itself is 6.3 meters high.

3. Bottom line.

Guys, many years have passed since the Battle of Stalingrad, but we honor the memory of the fallen and bow to the living. ( Slide 13)

Let us bow to those great years,

To all our commanders and soldiers,

Extracurricular event on a patriotic theme for junior schoolchildren “Retribution”

Teacher. 1942 The Great Patriotic War was going on for the second year. The enemy was strong and dangerous. Our troops had to temporarily retreat, leaving our lands to be torn to pieces by the enemy. Hitler's warriors wanted to take Moscow. They were already looking at our capital through binoculars... The day of the parade was set... Yes, Soviet soldiers defeated enemy troops near Moscow in the winter of 1941. And then it became clear that the Nazis would end.

Having been defeated near Moscow, Hitler ordered his generals to break through to the Volga and capture Stalingrad over the summer. Access to the Volga and the capture of Stalingrad could provide fascist troops with a successful advance to the Caucasus, to its oil riches. In addition, the capture of Stapingrad would have divided the front in two, and most importantly, would have given the Nazis the opportunity to bypass Moscow from the east and take it.

Student.

From birth I have not seen the earth

No siege, no such battle,

The earth shook

And the fields turned red,

Everything was burning over the Volga River.

On July 17, 1942, in the sun-scorched Don steppes, the first blow of the fascist armada was taken by the soldiers of the 33rd Guards Rifle Division of the 62nd Army. Hitler ordered Paulus to take Stalingrad on July 25, and German soldiers had already erected signs along the dusty steppe roads: “Our Stalingrad.” But Soviet troops stopped the enemy for 40 days and nights in the big bend of the Don, exhausting him in continuous battles. The previously invincible German 6th Army was unable to carry out the will of the Fuhrer. Only on August 23, fascist tanks, having broken through our defenses, reached Stalingrad. And on the same day, at 16:18, hundreds of German planes rained down their deadly cargo on the city. Multimeter flames rose above Stalingrad. Houses burned like candles, trees burst into flames, asphalt melted, and the air itself became hot, burning the lungs. The entire city was enveloped in smoke - the glow of the burning Stalingrad was visible for tens of kilometers. Tens of thousands of civilians died on this terrible day... After the raid, the generals reported to Hitler: Stalingrad is no more! All life in it is destroyed. And they received the order: “Take the city!”

It seemed to the Nazis that they had broken Stalingrad, broken the will of its defenders. But the city, which lay in ruins, did not give up, and its soldiers, the workers of its factories defended every inch of the land scorched by fire and torn by steel. Even at the cost of his own life.

The Chronicle of the Battle of Stalingrad is a book written in blood and sweat, pain and anger about the high courage of Soviet soldiers and their perseverance, which shocked and amazed the whole world, about love for the Motherland, which cannot be given to a foreigner for desecration. Every street, every house, the ruins of houses became fortresses in Stalingrad, insurmountable to the enemy.

Student.

In the heat, factories, houses, train stations,

Don't hand over the city to the enemy.

Russian soldier faithful to the oath,

He defended Stalingrad.

Student. Enemy soldiers managed to break through to the city's railway station. Fierce fighting raged at the station for 14 days. The soldiers of Lieutenant Fedoseev's battalion fought to the death. Our command kept in touch with him first by telephone, and when the Nazis surrounded the garrison, then by radio. But Fedoseev did not answer the call signs of the headquarters. Everyone decided that the battalion soldiers had died. Morning came, and over the broken roof of one of the houses they saw a red banner waving. This means that the Fedoseevites are alive and continue to fight the enemy! Then General Chuikov ordered an order to be delivered to Lieutenant Fedoseev so that he and the soldiers would withdraw to new positions. When the messenger got to the ruins of the station, he learned that only 10 people remained from the battalion. The commander, Lieutenant Fedoseev, also died. It turned out that the shell had destroyed the radio. The radio operator was killed. The fighters began to wait until nightfall to retreat to new positions. And at this time the Nazis began to attack again. There are tanks ahead, and machine gunners behind them. The Fedoseevites lay in ruins. Are waiting. Enemy soldiers are coming closer and closer. The Fedoseevites are silent. Are waiting. The Nazis decided that all our soldiers had died... And, rising to their full height, they rushed to the station.

Fire! - came the command.

Machine guns and machine guns were fired up. Grenades and Molotov cocktails were thrown at the tanks. One tank caught fire, another stalled, a third stopped, a fourth turned back, and behind it

fascist machine gunners. The fighters took advantage of the enemy’s panic, took down the banner, pierced by shrapnel, and went to their new positions through the basements. The Nazis paid dearly for the station.

Teacher. In mid-September, Nazi troops again intensified their attacks. They managed to break into the city center. There were battles for every street, for every house, for every floor. The Nazis were in a hurry. Hitler again demanded: “Take the city at any cost.”

Pavlov's House! House of Soldier's Glory! This house was the only one that survived in the square, not far from the crossing. The Nazis managed to capture it. Having placed machine guns and mortars on the floors, enemy soldiers began to fire at our positions. And then the regiment commander, Elin, called the scouts to his place and ordered them to go visit the Fritz at night. Find out how many of them there are, how best to get to them and whether it is possible to knock them out of there. At night at that time the streets were dark. Hitler's soldiers were very afraid of the dark and every now and then they fired flares into the night sky. And as soon as they notice something suspicious, they immediately open fire. On such a night, Sergeant Pavlov and his comrades went on reconnaissance.

Student. They reached the outer wall of this house. They lay down, not breathing, listening. The fascists in the house are talking, smoking, and firing rocket launchers. Pavlov crawled to the entrance and hid. He heard someone rising from the basement, and the sergeant prepared a grenade. Then a rocket lit up the sky, and the scout spotted an old woman at the entrance. And he began to question her. She told him that there were about 20 Germans in the house. They herded several families into the basement who did not have time to leave for the Volga. Pavlov returned to his comrades and reported the situation. The soldiers decided to act. The scouts crawled up to the house from both sides and threw a grenade at the window frames. Strong explosions were heard one after another. Stunned by the unexpected attack, the Nazis jumped out of the entrances, jumped out of the windows - and to their own. The scouts opened fire with machine guns and rushed to occupy the floors. The enemies decided that an entire battalion had attacked them. They dropped everything and ran in all directions. There was not a single living fascist left in the house.

The Nazis decided to recapture the house. For an hour they fired at the house with cannons and mortars. The shelling ended. Silence. The Germans decided that the Russians could not stand it and went to their own. German machine gunners moved towards the house. But then the command was heard: “Fire!” The well-aimed bursts of the Pavlovians mowed down the enemy. The Nazis retreated again. And again mines and shells rained down on the house. It seemed to the Germans that nothing alive could remain there. But as soon as the enemy machine gunners got up and went on the attack, they were met by well-aimed bullets and grenades from the scouts. The Nazis stormed the house for two days, but were unable to take it; the Nazis realized that they had lost an important facility from where they could fire at the Volga and all our positions on the shore, and decided to knock out the Soviet soldiers from the house at all costs. They brought in fresh forces - a whole regiment. But our command also strengthened the garrison of scouts. Machine gunners, armor-piercers, and machine gunners came to the aid of Sergeant Pavlov and his soldiers. For fifty-eight days and nights, Soviet soldiers defended this frontier house.

Teacher. The German divisions at Stalingrad met a force that they could not overcome. On October 11, 1942, Radio London broadcast: “In 28 days, the Germans conquered Poland. In Stalingrad, in 28 days they took only a few houses. France was conquered in 38 days. In Stalingrad, in 38 days, the Germans advanced from one side of the street to the other.” Hitler set more and more deadlines for the capture of the city on the Volga. But he stood like a granite rock, and the hour of retribution was already close.

The defenders of Stalingrad at a party meeting wrote a letter to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief - J.V. Stalin.

Fighting today at Stalingrad, we understand that we are fighting not only for the city of Stalingrad. At Stalingrad we defend our Motherland, we defend everything that is dear to us, without which we cannot live. Here, near Stalingrad, the fate of our Motherland is being decided. Here, near Stalingrad, the question is being decided - to be or not to be free for the Soviet people. That is why we consider it our duty to our Motherland not only to stop the enemy, but also to defeat him and liberate our lands from fascist tyranny. With these thoughts every day we enter into battle, clutching our military weapons, we destroy the enemy.

On that frosty, foggy morning, the daylight could not break through the heavy gray clouds with its rays. But that morning, another unquenchable sun rose over the wounded land of Stalingrad - the sun of Victory.

At dawn on November 19, 1942, Soviet troops, after a long artillery preparation (80 minutes), launched a counteroffensive near Stalingrad (Operation Uranus); on November 20, the Stalingrad Front went on the offensive. In the snowy steppes, a total of 16 thousand artillery barrels began to speak, including 115 Katyusha battalions. All the anger, all the hatred for the fascist invaders was embodied in this fiery tornado, which swept away everything in its path. Then Soviet tanks and infantry moved into the attack. 104 hours later, on November 23, fighters from the Southwestern and Stalingrad fronts united in the area of ​​the Sovetsky farm. 330 thousand German soldiers and officers, led by Field Marshal Paulus, found themselves in a giant “cauldron”. Inevitable retribution has come. On November 24, 1942, fierce battles began with the enemy trapped in the ring.

The song “Hot Snow” plays.

Andrei Ivanovich Eremenko, the commander-in-chief of the Stalingrad Front, wrote poems about what he experienced during the days of the Battle of Stalingrad.

Student.

The earth is dug up like plows,

From blood - red snow,

The fields are covered with the dead

And dead enemy equipment.

The black trenches are smoking,

Guns, tanks, rifles, bayonet

Visible everywhere, but like trophies,

Already harmless at this moment.

In the heroic, coveted steppes,

Without raising your face,

All ninety thousand prisoners

Flow without edge without end.

We have defeated the ancient enemy,

But he's not defeated yet

Like an animal struck to the heart,

He will rise for the last time.

The day is coming when we will again

Let's move forward like an avalanche

For the honor of the Holy Fatherland,

For the unyielding Russian family.

The hour is approaching when we ourselves

Let's decide our fate in the fire -

Or live as free people,

Or be with sadness on your back.

But we didn't know defeat

And our great-grandfathers in the past

Never on my knees yet

We did not stand before the enemy.

Teacher. Our command invited the surrounded German soldiers and officers to surrender. And on January 31, Paulus, realizing that resistance was futile, despite Hitler’s order: “Fight, fight, fight.” Together with his headquarters he capitulated. The surrounded enemy divisions surrendered. Through the ruins of the city destroyed during the fighting, along its outskirts, columns of captured Nazi soldiers stretched and stretched. They were led by our fighters, they were led by the victors.

A song about Volgograd is playing.

Student.

Don't forget those terrible years

When the Volga water boiled,

But that iron soldier withstood

But the immortal Stalingrad survived.

Let us bow to those great years,

To all our commanders and soldiers,

To all the country's marshals and privates,

Let us bow to both the dead and the living.

To all those whom we cannot forget,

Let's bow, bow, friends.

All over the world

All the people, all the land

Let us bow down for that great battle.

A minute of silence.

I saw the war only in movies,

There are no cities and villages!

There are only ruins around,

The grave is behind the hill.

I saw the city of Stalingrad,

He was completely on fire.

The soldiers lie dead

Life and death are everywhere.

But my native city survived!

Now he is Volgograd!

Thanks to my great-grandparents

For the city, life, for you and me,

Thanks to everyone who won

From us, the children of the country,

What do we say in Russian?

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