The endings of French verbs of the 3rd group. French verb groups

Verbs in French are divided into three groups. They differ in the type of conjugation. The verbs of the first group in French are regular verbs, that is, they have a strict stem and uniform conjugation rules. In this article, we will look at how to distinguish French verbs of the first group and how to conjugate them in Présent, that is, in the present tense.

French verbs of the first group - features

This group of verbs is quite numerous. First, let's learn to distinguish between them.

All verbs of the first group have the ending -er in the infinitive (indefinite form).

For example, aim er, parl er, termin er and so on. However, there is one verb that ends in -er, but belongs to the third group of verbs. This is a verb aller- go.

These are, perhaps, all the features of the verbs of the first group.

Table of conjugations of verbs of the first group in Présent - general rule

In this section, I will describe only the general rule for the conjugation of the first group of verbs in French. I will cover all spelling and phonetic features later in a separate article.

So, in order to correctly conjugate the verbs of the first group, you need to isolate the basis for conjugation.

Consider the example of the verb parler. So, we take the verb in the infinitive and discard the infinitive ending -er from it. This will be the basis of the verb, that is parl-

Now we add to this base the endings for the verbs of the first group in Présent:

Thus, all the verbs of the first group are conjugated in the present tense. There are no exceptions in this regard. Additional remarks to the rule, which I will point out later, do not apply to endings. They deal with spelling and reading.

Features of reading verb endings

It is not enough to know how the rule is implemented in writing, it is also important to know how verb endings are read correctly.

The endings of the verbs of the first group:

NOT PRONOUNCED.

Note that this only applies to verb endings. If you come across, for example, an adverb, évidamm ent- translated as "obviously", then in this case ent at the end of a word is pronounced like A nasal, as it is an adverb, not a verb.

• The ending ez is read as e - closed.
• The ending ons is read as o - nasal.

Thus, we read:

• Je parle
• Tu parles
• Il parle
• nous parlons
• vous parlez
• ils parlent

Thus, all forms are read the same, except for the forms of the first and second person plural - the endings -ons and -ez, respectively. The same will apply to any verb of the first group in Présent.

This is useful to remember in order to quickly conjugate verbs orally. Bring this rule to automatism and it will not be difficult for you to make sentences with this type of verbs in spontaneous speech.

Once again, I draw your attention to the fact that this publication is talking about the present tense of the indicative mood, other tenses are formed differently and have different forms and endings.

And one more note - learn and practice conjugations in the order indicated above, i.e. je, tu, il, nous, vous, ils - I, you, he, we, you, they plus the required verb. This will make it easier to memorize, including when studying all other tenses. If you teach randomly, there will be confusion.

List of verbs of the first group - 30 verbs for memorization and conjugation practice

In this table, only those verbs that are conjugated according to the general rule:

These common words are necessary for all beginners in learning French. So I recommend that they learn and practice this rule, both orally and in writing.

Verbs of the 1st and 2nd groups have endings that must be added to the stem, in accordance with the number and gender of the noun related to it. The conjugation of group 3 verbs has no rules, so it is much more difficult with them. Here, the endings can change in a variety of ways, but some verbs are similar to each other, and only prefixes change their meaning.

List of verbs of the 3rd group:

Remember that these are not all verbs!

• s'abstenir - substenir - refrain
• acquérir - akerir - acquire
• adjoindre - ajuandre - attach, connect
• admettre - admetre - recognize, allow
• advenir - advenir - happen
• aller - alle - go
• apercevoir - apersevoir - to notice
• apparaître - apparaître - to appear, to appear
• appartenir - apartnir - belong
• apprendre - apprandre - to learn to study
• asseoir - asuar - to seat
• atteindre - atendre - to reach
• attendre - atandre - wait
• avoir - an asset - to have
• battre - batre - beat, fight
• boire - boire - to drink
• circonscrire - circonscrire - limit, circle
• circonvenir - sirkonvenir - bypass, deceive
• combattre - sombatre - to fight
• commettre - kommetre - to commit, appoint
• comprendre - sompandre - understand
• conclure - conclure - conclude
• concourir - competitor - compete
• conduire - conduit - lead, lead
• confondre - confondre - confuse, mix
• conjoindre - konzhuandre - connect, combine
• connaître - connetre - to know
• conquérir - conquerir - to conquer
• consentir - konsantir - agree
• construire - constructor - build
• contenir - container - contain
• convaincre - convencre - to convince
• convenir - convener - agree
• correspondre - correspondent - to connect, match, match
• corrompre - corrompre - corrupt, spoil
• courir - curir - to run
• couvrir - couvrir - to cover
• craindre - krendre - to be afraid
• croire - croir - to believe
• cueillir - kyor - to collect
• découvrir - decouvrir - open, discover
• défendre - defandre - to protect
• dépeindre - dependre - describe, depict
• dépendre - depandre - hang
• descendre - desandre - to go down
• devenir - devenir - become, turn into
• devoir - devoir - to be due
• dire - dir - to speak
• disparaître - disparatre - to disappear
• distraire - distrair - separate, distract
• dormir - dormir - sleep
• écrire - ekrir - write
• endormir (s ') - andormir - to lull, lull
• s'endormir - sandormir - fall asleep
• enfuir (s') - run away, run away
• enquérir (s') - ankerir
• entendre - antandre - to hear
• être - etre - to be
• étreindre - etrendre - hug
• exclure - exclusion - exclude
• extraire - extra - extract, extract
• faillir - fire - to be defeated, failure
• faire - fair - to do
• falloir - falyuar - to be necessary
• feindre - fendre - pretend
• fendre - fandre - to chop, chop
• fondre - fondre - melt, pour
• fuir - fuir - run away
• geindre - zhendre - moan, cry (approx. the verb "whining" has a slang connotation)
• include - enclure - include, make
• inscrire - enskrir - write down, register
• interdire - enterdir - prohibit
• interrompre - enterompre - to interrupt
• intervenir (s ') - entervenir - intervene
• introduire - enterduir - enter
• joindre - zhuandre - connect, connect
• lire - lire - read
• luire - luir - shine
• maintenir - mentenir - support
• méconnaître - mekonnetre - to ignore
• mentir - mantir - to lie
• mettre - meter - to put, to place
• mordre - mordre - bite
• moudre - wiser - grind
• mourir murir - to die
• mouvoir - muvoir - to move
• naître - netre - to be born
• nuire - nuir - to harm
• obtenir - obtenir - to reach
• occlure - occlusion - close, clog
• offrir - ofrir - to give, offer
• omettre - ometre - lower, skip
• ouvrir - uvrir - open
• paraître - paratre - to seem
• parcourir - parkour - run, pass
• partir - partier - leave
• parvenir - parvenir - to reach
• peindre - pendre - paint
• pendre - pandre - depend
• percevoir - persevoir - to feel, to perceive
• perdre - perdre - to lose
• permettre - permetre - to allow
• plaindre - plenre - complain
• plaire - pleir - like
• pleuvoir - plevoir - to go (about rain)
• pondre - pondre - lay eggs, rush
• poursuivre - pursuivre - to pursue
• pouvoir - povoir - to be able
• prétendre - pretandre - to claim
• produire - producer - produce
• promettre - prometre - to promise
• rire - rir - laugh
• rompre - rompre - interrupt
• satisfaire - satisfer - to satisfy
• savoir - savuar - to know
• secourir - securir - to help
• séduire - seduire - seduce
• sentir - centir - feel
• servir - servir - serve, serve
• sortir - toilet - exit
• souffrir - sufrir - to suffer
• soumettre - sumetre - to conquer, to offer
• sourire - surir - smile
• soutenir - pimp - to support
• souvenir (se) - souvenir - remember
• suivre - suivre - to follow
• surprendre - surprandre - to surprise (sya)
• survivre - survivre - survive
• suspendre - suspandryo - temporarily stop, hang up
• taire - ter - to shut up
• teindre - tendre - to paint
• tendre - tandre - strive
• tenir - tenir - keep
• tondre - tondre - to mow
• traduire - traduir - translate
• traire - trer - to milk
• transcrire - transcribe - transcribe
• transmettre - transmetre - to transmit
• transparaître - transparetre - shine through, see through
• tressaillir - tressayir - startle
• vaincre - vankr - win, conquer
• valoir - valuar - to approach, to be equal
• vendre - vandre - to sell
• venir - venir - come
• vêtir - vêtir - to dress
• vivre - vivre - to live
• voir - voir - to see
• vouloir - vuluar - want

Let's now give some examples:

• J'ai soif - Zhe suaf - I'm thirsty
• Mari est belle - Marie e Belle - Marie is beautiful
• Il vaux mieux rester ici - il vaux mieux rester ici - it would be better to stay here
• Ils sortent de l`école - or sort de lecole - they leave the school

We looked at the conjugation of verbs in the present tense, but very often we need participles to create compound tense forms:

Remember that the past participle agrees in kind and number with the subject to which it refers, but only if the verb is conjugated with the auxiliary verb "être".

Most often, the participle passé is involved in the creation of the past tense passé composé:

• Helen est venue pour vous voir - Helen e venyu pur vu voir - Helen came to see you.
• J’ai appris toute la vérité - je apri to la believe - I learned the whole truth.
• Elles se sont tues - el se son tu - They fell silent.

In imparfait, verbs are conjugated a little more simply. There is a rule here that does not apply only to "être":

In other cases, this time is formed according to the rule - the desired ending is added to the stem of the verb in 1 liter. pl. hours of the present, but there are also minor amendments:

1. Verbs ending in -ger before endings that begin in -a or -o, the letter -e is added, for example, je mangeais, but: nous mangions.
2. Verbs ending in -cer before endings that start in -a or -o have "c" replaced with "ç", e.g. je commençais, but: nous commencions.
3. Verbs ending in -yer in the "we" and "you" forms have "y" and "i" at the junction, for example, nous payions and vous payiez.
4. Verbs ending in -ier in the "we" and "you" forms have two "i", such as nous étudiions and vous étudiiez.

Don’t let such difficulties with the verbs of the 3rd group bother you, the beginning is usually scary, but in the process of studying you will realize that it is quite easy. Learn French and make it easy for you!

Note:

Pronunciation in French can be done in two ways:

1) [e] at the end of the word is pronounced like e, while the stress on it NEVER falls, for example battre - batre (the emphasis falls on the vowel a). The exception is words ending in [e] with an axant, for example: j‘ai eté - zhe ete;

2) [e] at the end of the word is NOT pronounced, for example: battre - batr.

The French use both options, but the second is preferable.

In the section on the question How is the completed past (Passe compose) tense formed in French? given by the author throw the best answer is Passé composé - a compound tense, consists of two words - an auxiliary verb and a participle of a semantic verb. Accordingly, it is formed from the conjugated form of the verb avoir or être (in the present tense Présent) and the past participle of the conjugated verb.
The past participle of a conjugated verb is formed:
for verbs of the 1st group - the ending -er is discarded, the ending -é is added
aimer - aimé, laver - lave.
for verbs of the 2nd group - in other words, -r is discarded: finir - fini, garnir - garni
in verbs of the 3rd group, the participle must be taught.
For most verbs, the auxiliary verb avoir is used.
The verb être is conjugated with reflexive verbs (verbs like se laver - je me suis lavé, for example) and the following verbs
enterer
descendre
Venir
tomber
rentermonter
aller
mourir
partir
devenirsortir
naitre
arranger
rester
revenir
(extended list - here)

Group 3 French verbs are the most difficult group of verbs to understand because they are irregular. To date, there are no clearly defined and valid rules that could guide their conjugation, respectively, it is almost impossible for a non-native speaker to remember all forms of conjugation due to their vast number (approximately 64 verbs and their derivatives).

All these verbs can be mentally divided into verbs conjugated by analogy, and verbs that have no analogues, or have their own conjugation features. For example, the verb aller in 3l.pl. has the form vont, the formation of which does not fall under any rule for the formation of verb conjugation. There are quite a large number of such verbs, and they are subject to mandatory memorization.

The most common and frequently used verbs that have no analogues of conjugation are the following verbs:

Some French verbs of the 3rd group have several, in particular 2 or 3 possible forms of conjugation. Such verbs include such verbs as s'asseoir - to sit down; Ouïr - to hear, to listen, the conjugation of which is given below:

Je m'assieds / m'assois / m'asseois dans un fauteuil - I sit in a chair

tu t'assieds / t'assois / t'asseois dans un fauteuil - you sit in a chair

il s'assied / s'assoit / s'asseoit dans un fauteuil - he sits in a chair

nous nous asseyons / nous assoyons / nous assoyons dans un fauteuil - we sit in a chair

vous vous asseyez / vous assoyez / vous assoyez dans un fauteuil - you sit in a chair

ils s'asseyent / s'assoient / s'asseoient dans un fauteuil - they sit in a chair

When translating this verb into Russian, there may be doubts about the correctness of the translation, because often this verb is translated as to sit down, but this translation is false. From the point of view of philology, "sit down" means to sit on the edge of a chair.

Ouir - to hear

j'ouïs / ois la voix sonore - I hear a ringing voice

tu ouïs / ois la voix sonore - you hear a sonorous voice

il ouït / oit la voix sonore - he hears a ringing voice

nous ouïssons / oyons la voix sonore - we hear a sonorous voice

vous ouïssez / oyez la voix sonore - you hear a sonorous voice

ils ouïssent / oient la voix sonore - they hear a sonorous voice

The verbs avoir - to have, to have, and être - to exist, to be, should be singled out separately, since they can be used both as an independent and auxiliary verb. The conjugations of these verbs are presented below:

There are also verbs with only a few forms of conjugation, especially such verbs as falloir - to be, to follow, to be required; pleuvoir - to fall, to rain; seoir - to be in person, to sit. The available forms of conjugation of these verbs are presented below:

il faut peindre la vieille palissade - the old fence needs to be painted

il pleut à torrents - it pours like a bucket

ils pleuvent - they fall in abundance

il sied apprendre à conduire la voiture - you should learn to drive a car

La couleur lilas lui sied - purple suits him

In most cases, only the singular form is used in speech.

Group 3 French verbs, in the likeness of which some other irregular verbs are conjugated, include the following:

French as a Romance language inherited its grammar from Latin. In particular, this applies to the 4 most common forms of the infinitive: -re, -er, -ir, -oir. However, Latin was characterized by the presence of a thematic vowel. In French, however, the thematic vowel has disappeared (with rare exceptions in the forms subjonctif imparfait and passé simple). Thus, the defining difference between the conjugations was not the thematic vowel, but the forms of inflection and stem.

So, according to these features, French verbs are divided into 3 groups. The most extensive and difficult to study of them is the third one. It includes verbs that have an infinitive at the end:

- re: dire, repondre, traduire, etc;

- oir: pouvoir, devoir, vouloir, etc;

- ir (those that do not belong to group 2, i.e. do not have the -iss suffix in the plural paradigm): tenir, sortir, mourir, etc.

Naturally, in each tense and mood, these verbs have their own characteristics. In Présent, the following endings are added to the infinitive stem and are standard: -s, -s, -t, -ons, -ez, -ent. For example, the verb lire (to read): je lis, tu lis, il/elle lit, nous lisons, vous lisez, ils lisent.

However, some verbs have individual forms that need to be memorized or checked against reference materials. Such verbs are avoir, être, aller, pouvoir, faire, dire, venir, attendre, prendre, vouloir, répondre, atteindre and their derivatives.

In Passé composé (as well as in plus-que-parfait), participe passé is added to the auxiliary verbs - avoir and être. If for the verbs of the first and second groups it is formed according to a certain pattern, then for the third group the past participle needs to be clarified, each verb has its own.

In Imparfait, French verbs of the 3rd group do not create difficulties and are conjugated according to the general rules.

In Passé simple, verbs in -ir (except courir, mourir), -uire, -endre, -ondre have endings: -is, -is, -it, -îmes, -îtes, -irent.

For example, the verb rendre (to return): je rendis, tu rendis, il rendit, nous rendîmes, vous rendîtes, ils rendirent.

At the same time, verbs of the same group in -aître, -oir (except for voir) have the endings -us, -us, -ut, -ûmes, -ûtes, -urent.

For example, the verb devoir (to be due): je dus, tu dus, il dut, nous dûmes, vous dûtes, ils durent.

The verbs avoir, venir and être in the passé simple have individual paradigms.

In the Future simple, most verbs of the third group (as well as the verbs of other groups) add the endings -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont to the infinitive. Verbs in -re lose the -e vowel: dire - je dirai.

A number of verbs (mostly the same as in other tenses) have individual forms.

When forming the imperative mood (mode impératif), the verbs of the third group behave like the verbs of other groups. Only the verbs avoir, être, savoir and vouloir have a special form.

When forming a conditional mood (mode conditionnel), the verbs of the third group do not show any individual features.

But when forming the subjunctive mood (mode subjonctif), the verbs avoir, être, faire, pouvoire, aller, falloir, valoir, devoir, savoir and vouloir have special forms, while the rest of the French verbs of the 3rd group are conjugated according to general rules.