Раздел 3 грамматика и лексика b22 b31. Готовимся к ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами B4-B10, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали
содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4-B10.

A cup of coffee

В 4. Once I was travelling in Italy. It was a lovely day. I wandered
along the street until I came upon some parasol-shaded tables
which seemed to __________________ very nice. I settled and
opened my book.

В 5. It was taking a long time for the waiter to arrive, but I was in
no hurry. I was sure that the waiter __________________
soon.

В 6. But finally, becoming impatient, I turned to signal for service
and saw the neon sign. That was the __________________
moment ... I discovered that I was sitting outside a store selling
garden furniture.

The Great Wall of China

В 7. The Great Wall of China runs for 6,700 kilometers from east to
west of China. It is one of the __________________ wonders
of the world.

B 8. The Great Wall __________________ in order to protect
the country form different aggressors.

B 9. The construction of the Wall __________________ in the 6th
century BC and lasted until the 16th century AD.

B10. Since then, the Great Wall of China __________________
a symbol of wisdom and bravery of the Chinese people and
a monument to Chinese nation for many hundreds of years.

BECOME I COME BAD GREAT BUILD BEGIN

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11-B16, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группыВ11-В16.

UK: Conservation and Environment

B11. Going for a walk is the most popular leisure activity in Britain.
Despite its high __________________ density and widespread
urbanization, the UK has many unspoilt rural and coastal
areas.

B12. Twelve National Parks are freely accessible to the public and
were created to conserve the __________________ beauty,
wildlife and cultural heritage they contain.

B13. Most of the land in National Parks is privately owned, but
administered by an independent National Park Authority which
works to balance the expectations of __________________
with the need to conserve these open spaces for future
generations.

B14. The UK also works to improve the global environment and has
taken global warming __________________ ever since
scientists discovered the hole in the ozone layer.

B15. In 1997, the UK subscribed to the Kyoto Protocol binding
developed countries to reduce emissions of the six main
greenhouse gases. The Protocol declares environmental
__________________.

B16 Nowadays British __________________ are taking part in one
of the largest international projects that is undertaken to protect
endangered species.

SCIENCE POPULATE NATURE VISIT SERIOUS PROTECT

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22-А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям A22-A28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного Вами варианта
ответа.

It wasn’t unusual for Amos to go to Deravenels on Saturday, even though
the offices were closed over the weekend. He A22 ______ to go to tidy up his
paperwork and do other small jobs he couldn’t attend to during the week.
But on this Saturday morning he had a specific purpose when he arrived at
the grand old building on the Strand. The uniformed doorman A23 ______ Amos
close his umbrella and take off his raincoat. Then he touched his cap and said,
“Good morning, Mr. Finnister”.
Amos had come to the office to A24 ______ a few telephone calls. His first
call was to the Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, where he quickly discovered
the records office was not open on weekends. He then dialed Ravenscar and was
put through to Edward Deravenel.
“Good morning, Amos,” Edward said. “I’m assuming you have some news
for me.” Amos then relayed all the information he had gathered the night before.
“Well done, Amos!” Edward exclaimed. “Thank you for going into all this
A25 ______ . I knew I could depend A26 ______ you. My wife will be happy as
I am to know everything; it’s been such a mystery all these years. To A27 ______
the truth, I think that Grace Rose should also know what happened to her mother.
It will finally put her mind at rest.”
“I agree, sir. I will telephone you on Monday”. Amos walked home, A28 ______
no attention to the heavy rain. He felt happy.

A22 1) held
2) took
3) used
4) kept

A23 1) looked
2) gazed
3) stared
4) watched

A241) take
2) do
3) make
4) give

A25 1) worry
2) trouble
3) bother
4) mess

A26 1) at
2) on
3) in
4) of

A27 1) tell
2) speak
3) say
4) talk

A28 1) turning
2) paying
3) drawing
4) bringing

По окончании выполнения заданий В4-В16, А22-А28 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в бланк ответов № 1! Обратите внимание, что ответы на задания В4-В16, А22-А28 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При
переносе ответов в заданиях В4-В16 буквы записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания.

Максимальное количество баллов, которые можно набрать – 20.

Данный раздел экзамена состоит их трех заданий. Каждое задание проверяет языковую грамотность, но не на уровне знаний правил грамматики и употребления лексики, а на уровни способности использовать эти правила на практике, выбирая нужный языковой материал, и умение использовать его с учетом особенностей коммуникативных ситуаций.

Задание B4 - B10. Образование грамматических форм.

Максимальное количество баллов - 7.

Суть задания : в этом задании дается связный текст или два связных текста с семью пропусками. Рядом с каждым пропуском, справа, предоставляется слово, которое написано заглавными буквами. От этого слова необходимо образовать ту или иную грамматическую форму для правильного заполнения пропуска. Следует знать, что в данном задании учитывается не только грамматическая, но и орфографическая точность ответа.

Советы по эффективному выполнению задания :

Читая текст (тексты) первый раз нам нужно:

1. Просмотреть текст полностью, вместе с пропусками и попытаться понять его содержание, последовательность описанных в нем событий и т. д..
2. Определить в каком времени идет основное повествование (в настоящем или прошедшем) и есть ли фрагменты текста, где используется будущее время.
3. Есть ли в тексте прямая речь, и если есть, то в каком времени там идет повествование, и как оно соотносится с текстом.

Читая текст (тексты) во второй раз нужно придерживаться следующего алгоритма действий:

1. Читаем текст до первого пропуска и затем обращаем внимание на слово данное справа заглавными буквами, определяем какой частью речи это слово является. У каждой части речи есть основные грамматические категории, например у существительного это число, падеж и т. д. Нам необходимо понять, исходя из отрывка текста, какую грамматическую форму от нас требуют и, учитывая правила грамматики, образовать эту форму.
2. К примеру, если это глагольная форма, то нужно решить: является ли она личной (видовременной) или неличной (инфинитивом, герундием, причастием); употребляется ли в активном или пассивном залоге; к какому времени относится (к настоящему, прошедшему или будущему); требует ли согласования времен с учетом использования других глагольных форм к тексте и т. д..
3. Жизнено необходимо определить, есть ли у данной формы особенности написания, поскольку правильно выбранная грамматическая форма не будет защитана, как правильный ответ, если в ней есть орфографическая ошибка.

После того как вы заполнили все пропуски:

1. Читаем весь текст с заполненными пропусками, проверяем правильность выбранного ответа, объясняя его выбор самому себе.
2. Записываем окончательный вариант ответа в тексте задания.

Иллюстрация применения алгоритма действий на примере.

Пример задания:

Читая текст первый раз:

1. Читаем его полностью, вместе с пропусками и пытаемся максимально точно понять его содержание.
2. Определяем в каком времени идет основное повествование - в нашем случае повествование ведется в прошедшем.
3. Есть ли в тексте прямая речь? Нет.

Читая текст во второй раз:

1. Читаем текст до первого пропуска, затем до очередного пропуска. Теперь обращаем внимание на данное справа слово, которое необходимо преобразовать. Определяем какой частью речи оно является. B4. one - числительное, B5. acknowledge - глагол. B6. fall - глагол. B7. bear - здесь глагол. B8. sail - глагол. B9. he - местоимение. B10. not realize - глагол (отрицательная форма).
2. Работаем с каждым словом справа по следующему алгоритму. B4. Мы уже определили, что one - это числительное. Вспоминаем, что числительные в английском языке могут быть количественными и порядковыми, формы этих двух типов числительных отличны друг от друга. One - переводится "один" и является количественным числительным. Исходя из фрагмента текста, содержащего пропуск к заданию B4 не сложно догадаться, что нам, в данном случае, необходимо порядковое числительное "первый", что на английском языке пишется "first". B5. acknowledge - глагол, определяем исходя из текста личную или неличную форму глагола нам нужно образовать. В нашем случае нужна личная (видовременная) форма. Определяем залог - в данном задании требуется пассивный залог. Определяем временную форму - необходимо простое прошедшее время. Чтобы правильно образовать определенную нами форму необходимо вспомнить правильным или неправильным является глагол acknowledge. Он правильный, то есть будет образовывать свою вторую и третью форму с помощью окончания -ed. Обращая внимание на орфографию и вспоминая форму образования прошедшего простого времени пассивного залога (was/were + V3) мы должны получить следующий вариант ответа - was acknowledged. B6. fall - глагол, действуем как и с заданием B5. Исходя из текста нам нужна личная форма, активный залог, прошедшее простое время. Простое прошедшее время требует глагола во второй форме (V2). Глагол fall неправильный, а значит вспоминаем его вторую форму - fell, она и будет правильным ответом. B7. bear - здесь глагол. Исходя из текста нужна личная форма, активный залог, настоящее простое время. Настоящее простое время активного залога требует первой формы глагола (V1), но тут не стоит забывать о нюансах образования формы настоящего простого времени действительного залога, если существительное стоит в третьем лице единственного числа. В этом случае к первой форме глагола нужно добавить окончание -s. Что ж добавляем и получаем ответ - bears. B8. sail - глагол. Отталкиваясь от текста видим, что нужна личная форма, активный залог, простое прошедшее время. Помним, что простое прошедшее время активного залога требует второй формы глагола (V2). Sail - правильный глагол, значит добавляем к нему окончание -ed и получаем ответ - sailed. B9. he - местоимение. Определяем тип местоимения - в нашем случае оно личное, теперь смотрим на текст и видим, что нам, чтобы правильно заполнить пропуск необходима форма притяжательного местоимения его (свои), что по английски будет "his". B10. not realize - глагол (отрицательная форма). Схема таже самая: необходима личная форма, активный залог, прошедшее простое время. Прошедшее простое время активного залога требует второй формы глагола (V2). Глагол realize правильный, вторая его форма - realized. Однако, опять есть нюансы. При посторении отрицательной формы в этом времени используется вспомогательный глагол did с отрицательной частицей not, а смысловой глагол realize в этом случае должен остаться в первой форме (V1). И выглядеть ответ должет так - did not realize.
3. Не забываем об особенностях образования той или иной формы и о правильности ее написания. Если вы допустите орфографическую ошибку в написании - вы не получите балл.

После того как заполнили все пропуски:

1. Читаем весь текст вновь, проверяем себя, обосновывая себе еще раз правильность выбранной грамматической формы.
2. Записываем окончательный вариант ответа в тексте задания. Кстати, не забудьте, что перенося ваши ответы в бланк ответов вы не должны делать пропуски между словами в используемых вами формах. То есть в бланке ответов, ответ, например на задание B10, должен выглядеть так - didnotrealize.

Используемая литература:

1. ЕГЭ. Английский язык. Тематические тестовые задания. Россия и мир / Е. Н. Соловова, John Parsons. - М. : Центр изучения английского языка Елены Солововой, 2011.
2. ЕГЭ - 2012. Английский язык: типовые экзаменационные варианты: 10 вариантов / под редакцией М. В. Вербицкой. - М. : Национальное образование, 2011.

Что следут учитывать при выполнении заданий В11 – В16 (Словообразование)?

При выполнении данного задания проверяются навыки словообразования – знание состава слова и основного способа словообразования — аффиксации , т.е. образования слов при помощи приставок и суффиксов.

• Прочитав предложение, переведите его на русский язык и определите, какая часть речи пропущена . Это может быть имя существительное, глагол, отглагольные формы ( , причастие), имя прилагательное, наречие, местоимение, числительное. Например, если это существительное, то перед пропуском может стоять артикль или артикль или прилагательное, если это наречие, то оно, как правило, стоит после глагола и т.д.
• Определите, имеет ли слово отрицательное или положительное значение . В случае отрицательного значения вам нужно подобрать соответствующую этомк слову отрицательную приставку или суффикс.
• Далее необходимо изменить слово, стоящее справа и соответствующее пропуску, в нужную форму. Например, в предложении «It was a large-scale, programme-controlled machine which could make a very complex _____. CALCULATE » пропущенное слово – имя существительное, так как перед пропуском стоит прилагательное с артиклем. Неопределенный артикль указывает на то, что пропущенное слово – имя существительное в единственном числе – « calculation » .
• Выполнив задания, прочитайте весь текст еще раз, чтобы убедиться в правильности образованных форм. Перенесите свои ответы в Бланк ответов.

Возьмите на заметку!!!

Для подготовки к выполнению заданий В11-В16 повторите приставки и суффиксы, которые используются для образования различных частей речи. Можно воспользоваться следующими ресурсами:

Обязательно выполните упражнения на правила словообразования в вашем школьном учебнике. Также можно воспользоваться онлайн ресурсами:

Какова стратегия выполнения заданий А22 –А28 (повышенный уровень)?

Задания А22-А28 относятся к заданиям повышенного уровня. При их выполнении проверяется знание лексики английского языка, при этом акцент делается на сочетаемости слов . Вам предлагается текст с пропусками; для каждого пропущенного слова представлен множественный выбор из четырех лексических единиц .

• Прочитайте весь текст , чтобы понять его общее содержание. Посмотрите на варианты слов для заполнения пропуска.

Например, для предложения « She was too excited to do any _______ that morning » вам предложены следующие слова: А) homework ; Б) household ; В) housework ; Г) housewife . Сразу же исключаем варианты Б) и Г) : household – домочадцы, дом, хозяйство; housewife – домашняя хозяйство . Чтобы выбрать правильный вариант из двух оставшихся, нужно знать значение слов: А) homework и В) housework . Homework – домашнее задание, уроки, домашняя работа. Housework – работа по дому, работа по хозяйству. Следовательно, правильный вариант — housework : Она была слишком взволнована, чтобы заниматься какими-либо домашними делами .

• После выполнения заданий перенесите ответы в Бланк ответов.

Возьмите на заметку!!!

Конечно, для выполнения заданий повышенной сложности нужно обладать хорошим словарным запасом . Нужно знать лексическую сочетаемость слов.

Для успешного выполнения заданий повышенной сложности следует повторить разделы школьного учебника, в которых представлена тематическая лексика, фразовые глаголы, устойчивые словосочетания, предложные фразы. Необходимо практиковаться в выполнении упражнений с множественным выбором. Для этого также можно обратиться к интернет-ресурсам:

Вам также следует иметь хорошие орфографические навыки. Помните, что если допущена орфографическая ошибка, то вариант ответа не засчитывается. Каким образом научиться писать без орфографических ошибок? Самый лучший способ — писать диктанты. Например, вы можете выучить наизусть фрагмент текста из учебника английского языка, после чего воспроизведите его в письменной форме, проговаривая его вслух. Написанный текст сверьте с оригиналом.

B1

• I prefer watching films at the cinema.
• I’m not keen on films with special effects.
• I have seen several very good films recently.
• I usually trust my friends’ opinions of films.
• Watching films at home seems more fun to me.
• I am not influenced by film reviews in newspapers.
• Cinemas are too expensive for me these days.

A1

The Friends of Fisher Park is a group of 25 children.

A2

The local council is planning to build some flats where the park is now.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

A3

The man thinks local children need a place to play.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

A4

The group has just sent a letter to every councillor.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

A5

There are council elections every two years.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

A6

The man has decided that he wants to be on the local council.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

A7

The council will make its decision about the park next month.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated

А8

You will hear a news report about a fire. What was its probable cause?

1. a person
2. lightning
3. faulty electrical wiring

A9

You will hear a politician talking about her career. When did she become interested in politics?

1. at school
2. at university
3. at work

A10

You will hear a man talking about his house. What is he going to build next?

1. an extension to the living room
2. a swimming pool
3. a garage

A11

You will hear a nurse talking to a patient. What does he want the patient to do?

1. get out of bed
2. eat her lunch
3. take her tablets

A12

You will hear a woman talking about a lot of money. How did she get it?

1. She won the national lottery.
2. She entered a competition in a magazine.
3. She inherited it from a relative.

A13

You will hear a singer talking about his next album. What inspired him to write the songs on the album?

1. his success
2. a relationship
3. his recent tour

A14

You will hear a woman talking about moving to another country. What did she find difficult?

1. getting a job
2. learning the language
3. meeting new people

• UNUSUAL RELATIONSHIPS
• SIMILAR CHARACTERISTICS
• DIFFICULT PERIODS
• TWO TYPES
• IMPORTANT MOMENTS
• MISTAKEN BELIEFS
• MANY RESPONSIBILITIES
• HOME ALONE

1. In Britain, most families are "nuclear families". This means that the family consists of the parents and children. Of course, there are uncles and aunts and grandparents too, but they do not have much to do with raising the children and often live a long way away. In many other countries, the extended family" is more common. With the extended family, uncles, aunts and grandparents live much closer to the parents and children — sometimes even in the same building — and everyone in the family has a much closer relationship.

2. Most teenagers say at some point: "When I’m a parent, I’m going to give my children much more freedom than I have now." When they do actually become parents however, they soon realise that giving a child or teenager lots of freedom is not always the best thing to do. Many parents end up hearing their children saying to them exactly the same things they said to their parents when they were young.

3. What does bringing up a child involve? Giving a child love and making a child feel safe in their environment are extremely important. So is providing food and warmth. Parents also have a duty to teach their children the difference between right and wrong, and to make sure their children get a good education. Some parents believe that their role is also to teach children about the importance of things such as family, religion and society.

4. The English phrases "a chip off the old block" and like father, like son" (or "like mother, like daughter") are used to show the similarities between a parent and their child. These might be similarities in terms of appearance, behaviour or interests. For example, if a dad loves watching cricket and his son Eric becomes interested in cricket too, you might say, "Eric’s a chip off the old block, isn’t he?"

5. "Latchkey kids" are a major problem in many countries, including Britain and the USA. These are children whose parents are still at work when they come home from school, so there is no one at home to look after them. Their parents aren’t there to help them with their homework, and some of them spend hours on their own before their parents return.

6. The idea of"quality time" is based on an understanding that the amount of time a parent spends with their child is not the only important thing. What is also important is what they do together during that time. Ten minutes of discussing problems that a teenager is facing may be much more valuable than two hours of watching a movie together in silence.

7. Families work well when things are going well, but the real test of a family comes at times of stress. Perhaps Mum has been working too hard, or perhaps young Amy is taking exams at school. These are times when all families can find themselves fighting instead of helping each other. When a family is going through a crisis like this, it can often help to talk to someone outside the family. It could either be an expert, such as a family counsellor, or a trusted family friend.

The Eden Project, near St Austell in Cornwall, is not just one of the area’s major tourist attractions. Over a million people visit the Eden Project each year. It is now one of the most popular attractions in the whole of the UK, 1 ___.

Tim Smit was the person responsible for turning the Eden Project from a dream into a reality. Built on the site of an old china clay quarry, the Eden Project currently consists of two "biomes" and a Visitor Centre, 2 ___.

Each biome is an enormous greenhouse. And they are enormous! The Humid Tropics biome, which contains plants and trees from tropical countries, is 100 metres wide, 200 metres long and 55 metres high. The second biome, which is called the Warm Temperate biome, is slightly smaller. Visitors walk through the biomes 3 ___.

The biomes also contain sculptures, waterfalls and birds and insects from the same environments that the plants come from. Information is given about each plant 4 ___.

The latest addition to the Eden Project is the Core. This building contains classrooms and exhibition spaces where visitors learn more about the environment. The design of the building matches the philosophy of the Eden Project, 5 ___.

The Eden Project has appeared in films and is used as a venue for other forms of entertainment, 6 ___

• despite being fairly new
• using shapes from nature
• including concerts and plays
• whereas there are no plans for other biomes
• so visitors understand the display
• which includes a cafe and gift shops
• looking at the thousands of plants and trees

Damian would never have called himself a bully. A victim of bullying himself on occasion, if he’d thought for one second that he was bullying his classmates, he would have been devastated. The idea that he bullied his friends had never even entered his head. But now he was having to face up to the fact that perhaps in certain ways he was a bully.

It had all started in the mid-morning break, when Damian and a couple of his friends were discussing what to do about Frank Rice. Frank Rice was a bully and the whole school knew it. The question was, should they tell a member of staff the next time Frank picked on one of them? Damian thought they should. Chris and Will thought that they shouldn"t. As they were arguing, Damian said: "We’ve got to do something. He’s making people’s lives a misery. It can’t go on like this." There was silence when Chris replied: "Well, he’s not the only one, you know. You should take a look in the mirror, Damian, before accusing other people. You’re not perfect, you know."

Damian was so shocked, he didn’t know how to reply. He didn’t know where to begin. Finally, he managed to ask: "What on earth do you mean? You’re not suggesting I’m a bully, are you? How am I like Frank Rice?"

Will explained. "No, you’re not like Frank Rice at all. Chris didn’t mean that. You don’t hit people, you don’t want to be horrible and nasty. You’re usually just trying to be funny, but sometimes the things you say do hurt people. Quite often, in fact."Give me an example," said Damian.

"Well, take yesterday, for example," said Will, "when we were in the changing room after football. You kept saying how Chris was such a terrible goalie, you seriously wondered if he’d been bribed by the other team."

T was only joking!" protested Damian. "You know that, Chris, don’t you? I was only teasing."

"That’s exactly the point," said Will. "You were teasing Chris. And you do that a lot. It’s not very nice, you know. I could see that Chris was upset, even if you didn’t notice."

"Were you, Chris?"

"Well, I can’t say I enjoyed it, to be honest. And Will’s right. You do seem to do it a lot."

The bell rang, and they went off to class. Damian found it hard to concentrate for the rest of the morning. The conversation he’d had with Will and Chris kept coming back to haunt him. Was he a bully? If he was, he certainly didn’t mean to be. But there was no escaping the fact that two very good friends of his thought that his comments often hurt them.

At lunch, Damian, as usual, sat next to Chris and Will. "Guys, I’ve been thinking about what we were talking about earlier and I think you’re right. I just want to say that I’m really, really sorry. You’re my best friends, and I’d never do anything to hurt you on purpose. I can see that I do sometimes say things that would upset you, and I’m going to make a real effort not to do that from now on. Still friends?"

"Of course we are, Damian," said Chris."But thanks" "No problem," said Will.

In the changing room that afternoon after football practice, Damian, Chris and Will were discussing the game. Will had fallen over the ball at one point, and Damian was just about to make a joke about it when he stopped himself. Am I allowed to say something like that?" he thought to himself. "We are friends. We’ve got to be able to joke with each other. Or is it too nasty?" Damian decided not to say anything on this occasion, but he began to realise that keeping his promise to Chris and Will would not be as easy as he’d thought.

А15

From the first paragraph we learn that Damian has

1. sometimes been bullied by other people.
2. never thought about bullying before.
3. briefly considered bullying his classmates.
4. only been bullied once in his life.

A16

The boys disagree about whether

1. Frank will bully them again in the future.
2. they should have told a teacher about Frank.
3. Frank is making people feel very miserable.
4. to tell a teacher if Frank bullies them again.

A17

When Chris tells Damian to "take a look in the mirror", he means Damian should

1. look at what Frank has done to him.
2. take more care with his appearance.
3. think about his own behaviour.
4. remember that no one is perfect.

A18

Will’s explanation to Damian suggests that Frank Rice

1. never tries to make people laugh.
2. sometimes uses physical violence.
3. doesn’t want to be nasty either.
4. only uses language to hurt people.

A19

The example from the previous day that Will gives shows that

1. Will thinks it is extremely funny when Damian teases Chris.
2. Damian only teases Chris and never makes jokes about Will.
3. Damian’s jokes about Chris and Will can sometimes be cruel.
4. Chris gets more upset by Damian’s comments than Will does.

A20

Damian finds it difficult to concentrate in class because he

1. is angry his friends have accused him of being a bully.
2. believes he will never be friends with Chris and Will again.
3. is continually looked at by Will and Chris during the lessons.
4. can’t stop thinking about what he’s been accused of.

A21

In the changing room, Damian understands that

1. it is difficult to balance making jokes with being nice.
2. he has already broken his promise to Chris and Will.
3. keeping his promise is the most important thing to him.
4. stopping himself from saying nasty things will be impossible.

По окончании выполнения заданий В2, ВЗ и А15-А21 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1

ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В2, ВЗ и А15-А21 располагаются в разных частях бланка.

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Alexander Fleming

Have you heard of penicillin? It’s a type of medicine that

В4 ___KILL___

bacteria. Bacteria can cause infections.

В5 ___DIE___

in the past because of them.

A doctor from Scotland called Alexander Fleming discovered antibiotics. Fleming

В6 ___STUDY___

medicine at St Mary’s Hospital in London.

During the First World War, he worked in a hospital in France,

В7 ___HELP___

the soldiers who had been hurt.

After the war, he

В8 ___MAKE___

an important discovery. He discovered a way to kill bacteria.

At the time, however, other doctors

В9 ___NOT UNDERSTAND___

how important Fleming’s discovery was. Because of this, he stopped doing his experiments.

В10 ___TAKE___

several years for scientists to realise that Fleming had found a way to save millions of lives.

Harry Houdini is said to be the greatest magician of all time.

He started doing his magic show professionally in the USA in 1891. In 1893, he met a fellow

B11 ___PERFORM___

called Bess Rahner. They married three weeks later and, for the rest of Houdini’s career, Bess worked as his

B12 ___ASSIST ___

Houdini mainly concentrated on card tricks at the

В13 ___BEGIN___

of his career. It was his incredible escape acts, though, that brought him fame and great wealth.

In 1904, after a four-year

B14 ___EUROPE___

tour, Houdini returned to the States with cause for

B15 ___CELEBRATE___

He had become a major star in the entertainment world and audiences couldn’t get enough of his

B16 ___DRAMA___

and exciting act. Houdini carried on thrilling audiences until his death in 1926, at the age of 52.

"Jane, will you marry me?"

It was not the most romantic of settings. Graham and Jane were in the supermarket, and Jane was in the middle of pointing out to Graham that the supermarket"s own

A22 ___

of soup was exactly the same as the more famous, but more expensive, soup next to it.

"don’t be silly, Graham," was Jane"s reply.

I’m not being silly. I’m deadly serious." To

A23 ___

it, Graham got down on one knee.

"Graham, people are looking. Get up!"

"Not until you give me an answer," said Graham, beginning to get annoyed.

"All right. The answer’s no."

Graham paused. "No?" he finally said. "No? Why not? Give me one good

A24 ___

." He began to feel slightly uncomfortable — physically and emotionally.

"I can’t believe we’re having this conversation here," said Jane. "Let’s just finish the shopping and go home." "I’m not going anywhere until you’ve explained to me why we shouldn’t get married. We love each other!"

"Of course we do," said Jane,

A25 ___

if she was talking to a young child, "but that doesn’t mean we should get married, does it? You get married when you want to settle

A26 ___

and make a life together. I only met you three months ago. Ask me again in a year or two, if we’re still going

A27 ___

"If… if," stammered Graham. "You think we might not be?"

"Graham!" said Jane. "You’re being ridiculous! Now, let’s not talk about it again.

A28 ___

me a packet of spaghetti, would you?"

Graham handed Jane the spaghetti. "So, you"ll think about it, then?" he asked eventually. Jane rolled her eyes, let out a deep sigh, and pushed the trolley over to the breakfast cereals.

1. product
2. brand
3. style

1. present
2. exhibit
3. reveal
4. prove

1. thought
2. sense
3. reason
4. cause

1. Deliver
2. Donate
3. Forward

По окончании выполнения заданий В4-В16, А22-А28 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1

ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В4-В16, А22-А28 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При переносе ответов в задании В4-В16 буквы записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания.

Раздел 4. Письмо

C1

You have 20 minutes to do this task.

You have received a letter from your English-speaking pen friend Rebecca, who writes:

Write a letter to Rebecca. In your letter:

• answer her questions
• ask 3 questions about the new shopping centre

Write 100—140 words. Remember the rules of letter writing.

C2

You have 40 minutes to do this task. Comment on the following statement.

Technology is an important part of our lives. We use computers and other electronic equipment at work and in the home. However, some people believe we rely too much on machines, and that the more technology improves, the lazier and weaker humans will become.

What can you say for and against future technological developments?

Write 200—250 words.

Use the following plan:

1. Make an introduction (state the problem).
2. Express your personal opinion and give reasons for it.
3. Give arguments for the other point of view and explain why you don’t agree with it.
4. Draw a conclusion.

Раздел 5. Говорение

Задания для экзаменуемого

C3

Task 1 (3—3.5 minutes)

Give a 2-minute talk on your best friend.

Remember to say:

• what your best friend looks like
• why you like him/her
• when and how you met
• what you have in common with him/her

You have to talk for 1.5—2 minutes. The examiner will listen until you have finished. Then he / she will ask you some questions.

C4

Task 2 (3—4 minutes)

You are on holiday with a friend and it is your final day. You have time to see one more tourist attraction before leaving. You and your friend are discussing what to go and see. You can go:

• to an art gallery
• to a funfair
• to a castle
• to a beach

You begin the conversation. The examiner will play the part of your friend.

Remember to:

• discuss all the options
• be polite
• take an active part in the conversation
• come up with ideas
• give good reasons
• find out your friend’s attitudes and take them into account
• invite your friend to come up with suggestions
• come to an agreement

Тексты к аудированию

B1

Speaker 1: I suppose I watch several films a week, whether that’s at the cinema, on TV or getting a DVD from the local video store. What have I seen in the past few days? The latest Star Wars movie. That was fantastic! The effects were brilliant! A comedy with Hugh Grant. He’s so funny. I just laughed and laughed. Oh, and a movie I’ve wanted to see for a long time, Cinema Paradiso. It was incredible. Really moving. I cried for the last hour!

Speaker 2: I’d much rather watch a romantic comedy, say, something with Hugh Grant in it, or a movie like Cinema Paradiso than a big-budget blockbuster like Star Wars or War of the Worlds. I mean, they just use computers to create the effects, don’t they? I’d much rather see a film with good acting and a good script than loads of explosions or computer-generated aliens.

Speaker 3: I love films. I can watch anything, really. doesn’t matter if it’s just full of special effects or it’s a really simple drama. I go to the cinema quite often, but I’d never decide to see a film on the basis of what it said in the paper. That’s just one person’s opinion, isn’t it? And reviewers look at films differently to the rest of us, anyway. No, if I like the sound of the title, or if I know any of the actors in it, I"ll probably risk it.

Speaker 4: Well, I do like going to the cinema, but it’s not as cheap as it used to be. If we take the kids, by the time we’ve bought some popcorn and had a drink, it’s about £50. That’s a lot of money for a couple of hours of some special effects. It’s a shame, though, because the kids really do enjoy seeing a film in the cinema. Makes it more of an event. It’s just not worth it financially, though.

Speaker 5: Well, we do watch quite a lot of movies at home. We watched the latest Star Wars film only the other night on DVD. Great effects, by the way. But the problem with watching films at home is that there’s too many distractions. People talk and the phone rings. That kind of thing. When you actually see a film on the big screen, you get so much more involved with what’s happening. It’s strange — there’s more people around you, but you can actually concentrate more.

Speaker 6: There are just so many films on these days that it’s not always easy to decide what you want to see. Reviews in magazines or online can be useful, but I usually want to ask people I know what they think of the films. They know what I like, and they usually have a good idea of whether I’d like a film or not. Sometimes they get it wrong, but not often.

A1-A7

Journalist: Hello, I’m looking for John Stapleton.

Journalist: Oh, hi. My name’s Janice Short. I’m a reporter with the Pennington Evening News. I wonder if I could ask you a few questions.

Man: About the council’s plan to close the park?

Journalist: That’s right, yes.

Man: Fantastic. We need all the publicity we can get.

Journalist: So, who exactly is "we"?

Man: Well, we’re just a group of people who live round here, really. Most of us have kids. There’s about twenty-five of us, I’d say, who are actively involved. We’re calling ourselves the Friends of Fisher Park.

Journalist: And what exactly do you hope to achieve, Mr Stapleton?

Man: It’s very simple. We want to stop the council from destroying the park to build a block of flats.

Journalist: You do accept, though, that we really do need some new, cheap accommodation in the town centre?

Man: Oh yes. We do recognise there’s a problem, and that land is in short supply. But to destroy the only green area for miles around. Well, it’s a disgrace. Kids can’t play in the streets anymore, obviously. We’ve got to give them somewhere to be able to run around. The park’s been that place for over fifty years, and we won’t give it up without afight.

Journalist: Do you think you’ve got a chance of winning?

Man: I do, yes. The people are all on our side, you know.

We’ve got a letter which we’re going to send to every councillor next week. It’s got over two thousand signatures on it.

Journalist: But will the council listen to you?

Man: Well, it’s council elections in about six months. If they don"t, I think they"ll find that a lot of people don’t vote for them. They’re supposed to represent us, aren’t they? If they don"t, why should we vote for them?

Journalist: Are you considering standing for a council position in the next election, then?

Man: I haven’t made my mind up yet, to be honest. It’s a possibility, though.

Journalist: So, you’ve got the letter. What happens next?

Man: Well, the council meets on the 24th of this month to make a final decision. We"ll all be at the meeting, of course. And I hope lots of other people will be too. The more people we can get there, the more pressure there"ll be on the council to change its mind.

Journalist: Well, good luck. Thanks for your time.

Man: My pleasure!

A8-A14

Man: And in local news, police have announced today that initial reports that the fire at Johnson’s Hardware Store, on the Dagenham Road, was caused by a lightning strike were unfounded. Investigators have also ruled out faulty electrical wiring and police are now searching for a woman who was seen at the building just minutes before the fire started.

Woman: Well, I did an A level at school in politics and economics, and I actually did very well in the exam, but my heart really wasn’t in the subject at that point. It was when I was working as a reporter for a local newspaper that I finally decided to go into politics as a career, but I suppose my love for politics really began when I got involved with the Student Union while I was doing my law degree.

Man: You can just see the new extension to the living room over there through the trees. We’re going to decorate it next week, so hopefully it"ll be ready for Christmas, as will the garage, of course, which we’re starting work on next Monday. Where we’re standing right now will hopefully be an outdoor swimming pool before too long, but we"ll have to save up a bit first!

Man: Come on, Mrs Jacobs. You know what the doctor said. You have to take these pills as soon as you’ve had lunch. As you’re not going to finish your dessert, that means it’s time. Yes, you can get out of bed in a short while, but just pop these into your mouth first. With some juice, that"s right.

Woman: You hear about people winning millions in the lottery, don’t you? But you always think something like that will never happen to you. Well, it has to me! When my great aunt died a few years ago, she did leave me some money in her will, but it wasn’t much and it certainly wasn’t life-changing. With this, though, I can quit my job and live in luxury for the rest of my life. I’d like to thank all of you at People magazine. I’m just so glad I sent off the answers to those three questions you printed!

Man: Yeah, the new album comes out next week. It’s called Variations, and I think it’s quite different to my last album. A lot of the songs on that were to do with dealing with being successful, as lots of second albums are, I suppose. But while I was on tour recently I, er,fell in love, actually, and I think that’s what’s motivated me to write these twelve tracks.

Woman: Oh yes, I’ve been here a long time. Over ten years. When I first arrived, I couldn’t speak the language at all. Not a word! I picked it up relatively quickly, though. Well, I made a real effort to meet people, you see, and really tried not to speak to them in English. And as it took months and months for me to find work, I had a lot of time on my hands to get to grips with the language.

Карточка экзаменатора-собеседника

Warm-up

1. How much free time do you have each week?
2. What do you like doing in your free time?
3. Do you spend more time with your family or friends?

Interlocutor card C3

Task 1 (3—3.5 minutes)

Let the student talk for 1.5—2 minutes.

Ask only those questions which the student has not covered while giving a talk.

1. What does your best friend look like?
2. Why do you like him/her?
3. When and how did you meet?
4. What do you have in common with him/her?

All of these ideas must be covered.

Finally, you must ask each student the following questions:

1. Is it important to have a best friend? Why?
2. Why do people sometimes argue with their friends?

Interlocutor card C4

Task 2 (3—4 minutes)

You and the student are discussing which tourist attraction to visit on the final day of your holiday together.

These are your ideas about each option:

Note: Make sure all the options have been discussed.

When discussing each option, first use the information that is contrary to what the student says. You may choose to make use of some ideas only.

Do not speak first all the time, but ask the student what he / she thinks about the options.

Invite the student to come up with his/her suggestions, especially if he / she readily agrees with the things you say.

If the student says all the time,"What do you think about it?" without expressing his/her own opinion, say: "Sorry, I don’t know." or "I’m not sure. How do you feel about it?"

Skills to be tested

The student is expected to demonstrate her / his ability to:

• initiate and maintain conversation:
  — explain the situation
  — come up with suggestions
  — give good reasons
  — find out the partner’s attitudes
  — invite the partner to come up with suggestions
  — agree or disagree with her / his partner’s opinion
• reach an agreement by taking into account the partner’s attitudes.

Ответы

(Copyright © 2009 Macmillan Publishers Ltd)

>Демо вариант 2009. Раздел 3 (Грамматика и лексика)

ЕГЭ английский язык. Демо вариант 2009. Раздел 3 (Грамматика и лексика)

Здесь вы можете найти демо вариант 2009. Раздел 3 (Грамматика и лексика).

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами B4 – B10, так чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы B4 – B10.

A Smart Boy

B4. Mr. Jones and Mr. Brown worked in the same office. One day Mr. Jones said, __________________ pleasantly to Mr. Brown: “We are going to have a small party next Monday evening. Will you and your wife come?”
SMILE

B5. “That’s very kind of you. We are free that evening, I think. But I __________________ my wife and ask her”.
CALL

B6. Mr. Brown __________________ into the other room and telephoned.
GO

B7. He __________________ very much by his telephone conversation.
SURPRISE

B8. When he came back Mr. Jones asked him, “__________________ (you) to your wife already?”
SPEAK

B9. “No, she __________________ there when I phoned. My small son answered the phone. I asked him, “Is your mother there?” And he said, “She is somewhere outside”.
NOT BE

B10. “Why is she outside?” I asked. “She __________________ for me”, he answered.
LOOK

Прочитайте приведенный ниже текст. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквамив конце строк, обозначенных номерами В11 – В16, так чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы В11 – В16.

UK: Conservation and Environment

B11. Going for a walk is the most popular leisure activity in Britain. Despite its high population density and widespread __________________, the UK has many unspoilt rural and coastal areas.
URBAN

B12. Twelve National Parks are freely accessible to the public and were created to conserve the __________________ beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage they contain.
NATURE

B13. Most of the land in National Parks is privately owned, but administered by an independent National Park Authority which works to balance the expectations of __________________ with the need to conserve these open spaces for future generations.
VISIT

B14. The UK also works to improve the global environment and has taken global warming __________________ ever since scientists discovered the hole in the ozone layer.
SERIOUS

B15. In 1997, the UK subscribed to the Kyoto Protocol binding developed countries to reduce emissions of the six main greenhouse gases. The Protocol declares environmental __________________.
PROTECT

B16. Nowadays British __________________ are taking part in one of the largest international projects that is undertaken to protect endangered species.
SCIENCE

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами А22 – А28. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям A22 – A28, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Обведите номер выбранного вами варианта ответа.

Tracy was as excited as a child about her first trip abroad. Early in the morning, she stopped at a A22 ______ agency and reserved a suite on the Signal Deck of the Queen Elizabeth II. The next three days she spent buying clothes and luggage.

On the morning of the sailing, Tracy hired a limousine to drive her to the pier. When she A23 ______ at Pier 90, where the Queen Elizabeth II was docked, it was crowded with photographers and television reporters, and for a moment Tracy was panic stricken. Then she realized they were interviewing the two men posturing at the foot of the gangplank. The members of the crew were helping the passengers with their luggage. On deck, a steward looked at Tracy’s ticket and A24 ______ her to her stateroom. It was a lovely suite with a private terrace. It had been ridiculously expensive but Tracy A25 ______ it was worth it.

She unpacked and then wandered along the corridor. In almost every cabin there were farewell parties going on, with laughter and champagne and conversation. She felt a sudden ache of loneliness. There was no one to see her A26 ______, no one for her to care about, and no one who cared about her. She was sailing into a completely unknown future.

Suddenly she felt the huge ship shudder as the tugs started to pull it out of the harbor, and she stood A27 ______ the passengers on the boat deck, watching the Statue of Liberty slide out of A28 ______, and then she went exploring.

A22. 1) journey 2) trip 3) travel 4) tourist

A23. 1) achieved 2) arrived 3) entered 4) reached

A24. 1) set 2) came 3) headed 4) directed

A26. 1) in 2) off 3) of 4) after

A27. 1) among 2) along 3) between 4) besides

A28. 1) glance 2) stare 3) sight 4) look

По окончании выполнения заданий В4 – В16, А22 – А28 НЕ ЗАБУДЬТЕ ПЕРЕНЕСТИ СВОИ ОТВЕТЫ В БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ 1! ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ, что ответы на задания В4 – В16, А22 – А28 располагаются в разных частях бланка. При переносе ответов в заданиях В4 – В16 буквы записываются без пробелов и знаков препинания.